Al-Khalid tank (Type 90-IIM / MBT-2000) Information Pool

[Manticore]

CHINA VT-1A TANK COMPARABLE TO THE RUSSIAN-MADE T-80

Reort: According to the United States, "Strategy Page" website reported on August 3, Moroccan imports from China had 150 VT1A main battle tanks, such tanks may be equipped with the 99 Chinese army tanks export models. However, some analysts believe that VT1A model is jointly developed by China and Pakistan, "Khalid" tanks the latest improved.
Performance comparable to the Russian-made T-80
And the Chinese army used tanks, compared with 99, VT1A tank to reduce the total weight of 14%. 49 tons total weight of the tank, equipped with self-loading machine, the crew three main weapons are a 125 mm caliber smoothbore gun. In addition, the turret is also equipped with a 7.62 mm machine gun and a parallel 12.7 mm caliber antiaircraft machine guns.
In power terms, VT1A tank equipped with a cooling power of 1200 hp engine, speed 70 km / h and maximum range is 450 km. VT1A tank high level of protection, and are equipped with reactive armor composite. However, in order to control costs, VT1A tank is not installed some 99 tanks equipped with advanced electronic equipment.
Speculation, the Chinese-style and VT1A 90/98/99 tanks are all "T-72 tanks integrated improved", but a lot of these Chinese-made tank improvements, in general equivalent to the current Russian military equipment T-80UM2 main battle tanks. "Strategy Page" in the article view, a T-72 tanks designed for the Jichu battlefield manifested though Zai Yi Ban, Dan Rengjiu yes Kekao of choice, the problem Zhu Yao Che by less experienced team members caused. Chinese soldiers in armored forces after high intensity training, fully skilled to operate any type of tank.
China has long been a foreign approved tank
Western and Russian media "VT1A tanks export Morocco's" speculation, mainly from a network image. The pictures of tanks from the trailer loading, and covered with camouflage cloth, very difficult to distinguish specific models. However, regardless of whether the news is true, rugged and durable tank car has long been China's foreign user acceptance. And VT1A deep origin of "Khalid" tanks, and also has a Chinese origin, "Al Zalar" tank on the military in Pakistan has a good reputation.
In 2009, the action to suppress the Taliban in Pakistan, the Pakistani military has dispatched a group of "阿尔扎拉尔" tanks, in which a tank in 15 minutes, suffered a 6 suicide attacks, a total of six truck bombs and three motorcycles in the tank side of suicide bombings. Although the tanks eventually lose their capabilities, but good turret, ammunition is not detonation, the successful escape vehicle group members, which shows the excellent protective performance. And "Khalid" tanks are frequently coming out of Pakistan military exercises, many times to demonstrate its good maneuverability and firepower.
As a new export model, VT1A main battle tanks are likely to refer to the predecessors of the advanced design, inherited inexpensive, rugged and durable characteristics.
China VT-1A tank comparable to the Russian-made T-80 - China Military Report

 

[Manticore]

Chinese main battle tanks VT1A

China VT1A main battle tank is the Chinese science and technology personnel in the previous trade tank , based on the combination of features required in today's wars battle tank developed a new generation of foreign trade.
China's foreign trade VT1A tanks tanks. China can not get the performance of active tanks, but from foreign tanks, you can speculate on the performance of active tank.
Maintainability: overall lifting power plant. Fire Control System: hunting - F type. Protection: main armor + modular composite reactive armor, the collective-three, automatic + manual fire. Article prediction, this tank once the international market would certainly be ever bought Chinese weapons countries to buy.

China VT1A main battle tanks - Design Features

Tank steering, by controlling the rotational speed of both sides of the track achieve. If the side of the track, move the other side of the track turn, the tank can be achieved turn, can be achieved with no moving track axis, turned 180 degrees. China VT1A MBT have a "central to" is not the same, which is based on the tank body center of a circle, pivot turn 180 degrees.
Tactical significance of this action are the following: You can achieve faster turn in combat, you can make the strongest armored car the first part with the fastest speed in the direction toward the greatest threat; turning radius is small, the narrow roads or on bridges exercise (eg simple pontoon), in exceptional circumstances, exercise can quickly change direction, with the fastest speed to leave dangerous; while simple pontoon, if there is no central steering function, you can only reverse.
In urban warfare, the center shifted in favor of tanks in the narrow streets to achieve steering, so the tank can enter more narrow streets, which greatly expanded the use of tanks function. Based on both sides of the track center to the opposite direction (ie, both sides of the track a forward movement of a backward movement) to achieve. This pair of power distribution and transmission mechanism has placed enormous demands, especially transmission, technical demanding.
China VT1A main battle tanks - equipment advantage

First, the Chinese sell weapons and equipment is prudent and responsible. We all know that the arms of this particular product , in the hands of just a private arms dealers in the market to earn bread and butter economics exchange sense of general merchandise; while in government hands, arms and the value of this commodity gradually been discovered, an economic, political and military sense of the strategic tool. Therefore, the military trade as an important part of national defense, this is nothing less than their original motivation are two: one is to make money, and the other is to acquire weapons to beat his opponent in the war.
Given weaponry sale is unique, so China has always adopted on arms export prudent and responsible attitude, the Chinese government has always strictly abide by relevant UN resolutions, never to by the United Nations Security Council arms embargo arms sales to countries and regions, which is very clear, while selling arms outward follow the "help the recipient country's legitimate self-defense capability, without prejudice to the relevant regional and world peace , security and stability, and non-interference in the internal affairs of acceptance, "the three basic principles.
Second, the Chinese-made weapons and equipment belong to the world advanced level. In recent years, China's new military front, the results continue, weapons and equipment level has been an inter-generational leap, such as manned spacecraft launch and complete spacewalk, marking space technology level has been second only to the United States and Russia ranks third in the world position. Chinese new column filled with F-10 fighter performance has not inferior to other Russian Su-27 fighter ace , "Chinese Aegis" destroyers and "Yuan" class submarine launched series also shows the level close to the Russian shipbuilding new.
Especially this year, the 60th anniversary of the parade, and further demonstrate Chinese advanced weapons and equipment , to make the world a number of developing countries, many countries, especially for Chinese-made weaponry quite interested, especially in some of the advanced main battle weapons, but also by many developing countries of all ages.
In recent years, with the "Made in China" (MADE IN CHINA) of industrial products marketing world, made ​​weapons also reversed in the 1990s for export difficulties in the international arms market revival. Chinese military industry by virtue of FC1 Xiaolong fighters and other high-priced weapons opened the market. Third, China's political stability, relatively inexpensive weapons. China's political relatively stable, relatively stable policies, supporting the mechanical parts can be manufactured continuously, compared to the United States to stimulate the arms market, children constantly upgrading, China set of arms supplies to become the first choice of many countries. [1]

China VT1A main battle tanks - Technical Data

VT1A tank full weight 49 tons,
2.4 meters high (to turret roof)
Width of 3.5 m (shielded)
Length 10.33 m (gun forward)
Crew of 3 (with automatic loading machine)
Power 1200 hp, water-cooled turbocharged diesel engine
Power to weight ratio of 24 hp / ton
Maximum road speed of 69 km / h
Biggest road trip 450 one thousand meters
125 mm smoothbore gun
7.62 parallel machine gun
12.7 High machine.

China VT1A main battle tanks - tactical significance

One can achieve quicker steering, in battle , you can make the strongest armored car as fast as the first part of the biggest threats facing the direction.
2, the turning radius is small, the narrow roads or bridges to exercise (eg simple pontoon), in exceptional circumstances, exercise can quickly change direction, with the fastest speed to leave dangerous; while simple pontoon, if there is no central steering function , you can only reverse;
3, in urban combat, the center shifted in favor of tanks in the narrow streets to achieve steering, so the tank can enter more narrow streets, which greatly expanded the use of tanks function. Center to technical difficulties: the center is turned in the opposite direction on both sides of track (ie, both sides of the track a forward motion a backward movement) to achieve. This pair of power distribution and transmission mechanism has placed enormous demands, especially transmission, technically demanding. Chinese-made tanks can be achieved center steering, I believe that China must break through the bottleneck of this technique.


China VT1A main battle tanks - into North Africa

Earlier in 2010, a group of Chinese main battle tank VT1A serving in Morocco photo was posted to the Internet. Since then, about the "Made in China" into the North African market, topic, has been international military observers relish. United States, "chessboard" website recently published an article that China tanks moved into 60 years ago, the U.S. champion successfully Patton fought in North Africa desert, people have a sense of time interleaving.

Pakistan plays trading intermediaries
In recent years, China has changed the sale of weapons to non-sub-Saharan Africa as the main market tradition, through various channels, the influx has always been pro-Western Morocco. According to "Pakistan Defence Forum" website revealed, starting in 2006, Pakistan, Tanzania by Troy Islamic identity of the country, a large number of weapons with Chinese descent resold Morocco. Meanwhile, based on the motives aid fraternal countries, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia also pay for licensed production of Chinese weapons, and then transferred to Morocco and other countries. After verification, the first disclosure of VT1A tanks serving in Morocco was "distant Moroccan" forum. According to this source of information, CMB cooperation selling MBT-2000 "Khalid" tanks in 2008 to obtain Saudi favored, then sand the military to plan to buy a considerable amount of reserve materials or assistance as friendly countries. Some speculated that Morocco is likely to be concerned about Chinese tanks since then. Another analyst pointed out that the introduction of Chinese tanks Morocco motive may related with neighboring Algeria. 2006, A to Russia bought 300 T-90S main battle tank, the tank for desert warfare, completely overwhelm the existing fleet of US-made military Mount M60 tanks and legal AMX30 tanks . Considering Moal territorial disputes between the two countries in Western Sahara, Morocco VT1A quickly acquire more powerful tanks, is also reasonable.

In "Hell Test" to win
VT1A is China's foreign trade version MBT-2000 tanks latest improved models. It is the whole weight 49 tons, with a power of 1,200 hp engine, maximum road speed of more than 60 kilometers. The tank's power system has one more trick: through both sides of the track reverse rotation , you can achieve the body pivot turn. For main rival T-90S tanks, VT1A using low flow line shape, and the use of advanced composite armor, the exposed area of the body is almost the same tonnage of vehicles is minimal. To win firepower advantage, VT1A tanks not only equipped with a powerful 125 mm smoothbore gun, also uses a "hunting - F" type fire control system capable of hitting the 2,000 meters in the movement outside of a moving target. Tanks as well as advanced thermal imager to solve the hot, dusty environment probing questions.


It is worth mentioning that, VT1A (MBT-2000) tanks from the outset designed for desert warfare. A few years ago, the Pakistan Army has held a Chinese MBT-2000 tanks and tanks participated Western "Hell Test." At the time, test site is 45 to 53 degrees Celsius temperature, the road full of sand dunes and deep, the participating tanks per day to run 150 to 200 kilometers, which is traveling in the harsh terrain tracked vehicles, called the most severe test. The most interesting is shooting assessment. Pakistan requires tanks without artillery circumstances, in the wild, 40-50 degrees C immediately after exposure shooting, shooting distance is generally from 1800 to 2500 m, and the simulation environment for the big ups and downs of the process of moving pavement. Consolidated results of the tests, China's actual performance to stabilize the tank beat opponents. In fact, the Pakistani army large quantities of equipment MBT-2000 tanks, will undoubtedly promote Morocco facing similar battlefield environment make the same choice. [2]


??VT1A?????_????

 

[Manticore]

 

[Keshav Murali]

@ANTIBODY sir,

VT-1A is a watered-down tank, at best I would say that its protection is equal to T-80U and armament also equal with superior mobility. T-80UD would be a slightly different story.

Electronics should be excellent.

 

[Manticore]

http://www.defence.pk/forums/land-warfare/106975-tank-designs-18.html
[Recurring problems of Soviet tank design]
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakistan-army/22400-pa-tanks-comparison-contempory-tanks-48.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/pakist...type-90-iim-mbt-2000-information-pool-36.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/land-warfare/120722-anti-tank-missiles-4.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/land-warfare/268307-tank-ammunition.html
http://www.defence.pk/forums/guns-corner/229716-tank-guns.html

 

[farhan_9909]

There is one video of Al khalid..where al khalid misses its target while moving

 

[Dazzler]

@ANTIBODY, mate, I know that you aren't in the armed forces, but do tell why such infatuation with Tanks? I know that kids when young, have this dream of becoming a "pilot", because of all the presumed glitter and "too-ha" associated with it, however, I've yet to come across a kid who develops a passion for "tanks"....

So it is a relatively recent development or you always were into armored vehicles and stuff?

He has done a damn good job for sure, all info collection from various sources itself is a hectic job

There is one video of Al khalid..where al khalid misses its target while moving

2 out 10 times, its called margin for error

 

[Manticore]

The Norinco Type 85-III and 85-IIM tanks appear to share common ammunition specifications, and are said to both be compatible with T-72 ammunition. This may mean that these tank models are not compatible with APFSDS rounds for the Types 98, 99 and 90. About 300 Type 85-IIM tanks are thought to have been exported to Pakistan. This model is also said to field a tungsten based APFSDS-T round.

Chinese Norinco Tanks with 125mm gun

 

[Manticore]

 

[Manticore]

ChrisBV compared the 2 tanks -- I am posting the translation from spanish

The composite armor of the MBT-2000 is not Chinese, was / is developed by Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) of Pakistan, which appears to be quite competent in this field, because as reported Jane's, after numerous tests real fire, it was found that modular packages developed for shielding the turret and the hull of the tank were successfully withstand 120 and 125mm ammunition of all kinds.

It would be nice to substantiate their claims technically. In what ways do you argue that is "lower"? Regarding mobility, both tanks can reach a top speed similar both in forward (72km / h for the Leopard 2A4, 70 for the MBT-2000) and backward (32km / h for the German tank, 35 for the Sino-Pakistani). Its power to weight ratio is similar (27hp / t vs. 26.08hp / t), as well as the scope of road (400-500km). Both models can overcome trenches of similar size (2.70-3.00m), similar vertical obstacles (1.1m vs. 0.85m) side can negotiate gradients up to 60% and circumvent pending between 30 and 40%. control systems shooting and marksmanship are comparable, even in the most basic version of the MBT-2000: the look of the head of the Leopard 2 can scan through 360 ° and has optical magnification levels (x2 and x8) similar to the MBT-2000 (x7.5 ).

The gunner, in the case of the Leopard 2, has an optical magnification of x12, while the MBT-2000 Dual x3 and x10. In both cases, the views of both the gunner and the head are fully stabilized in two axes and the gunner, in both models, channels have day, night and thermal and laser rangefinder built. Even the "humble" and "Third World" FCS (totally westernized) copies of MBT-2000 that came to Peru with the thermal camera that brought Chinese factory farting, I was able to autotracking and hunter-killer mode. And since the tank, even in its most austere, included in the series present refinements Leopard 2 tanks and other contemporaries, such as modular composite armor, NBC protection system and smokeless pots launchers automatically activated, associated with a laser warning system (LWS). APFSDS ammunition at the time requested by Peru to be fired from 125mm Chinese cane the MBT-2000 is the best currently offered by the Republic of China, comparable to that available for the Leopard 2 by Rheinmetall. The ballistic properties of this ammunition were checked in situ by observers Peruvians live fire tests.

So do not get to understand how holding the MBT-2000 assessed the Peruvian Army is "inferior in every way" to Leopard 2. Therefore, it appears that they are fairly equivalent. And after the assessment made ​​by the EP is clear that the development of this tank continues and has included a number of improvements to be maintained at a level competitive with the latest developments in this and other models. As mentioned previously, 55 % component tank new items purchased outside China - including the fire control system, autoloader, system electro-hydraulic control of the turret, engine, transmission, thermal camera, among others - to countries that have participated and continue to participate in the development of this tank as Ukraine, Belarus, France, UK, etc.. defense industries which are more than competent. Pakistan itself, Third, and groncho probrete sees it maintains a significant level of their heavy industries with facilities equipped with precision tools and production lines for the manufacture of tanks, as well as for the development of compounds capable shields to address current and future threats.


Pakistan has a very competent defense industry - what can not be said for its neighbor, India - thanks to its strategic partnerships with countries such as Ukraine and the Republic of China, in the field of development and manufacture of armor has got good amount of successes, such as the licensed production of the Type 69-II tanks and NORINCO Type 85II AP and U.S. M113 APCs, and the development of special steels for the manufacture of guns and, as mentioned previously, shields compounds. MBT-2000 The original version still export only retains 45% of existing legacy components of Chinese-made vehicles, all the rest are foreign components integrated into the tank: the powerpack, as we know, is Ukrainian, as well as the autoloader, the FCS (westernized) is Eastern European (I think that Belarus), thermal camera in later models is European, etc.. and can be integrated upon request components - the EP, for example, did not want to manually Ukrainian transmission but an automatic French - also has built an efficient climate control system that allows the tank to operate at temperatures up to 55 ° C environments saturated with dust and / or fine sand particles. 's MBT-2000 and has a client export - Bangladesh, who asked medidados 2011 a batch of 44 tanks and 3 vehicles recyclers - and has been successfully assimilated by the Pakistani Army itself.

 

[Dazzler]

why ceramic armour is important in a mocern mbt?

1.3.4.2 Ceramics
By far the most common ‘special armor’ studied to increase AFV protectionare ceramics. It’s assumed to be the main component in Chobham armor.Ceramics are light but very hard materials, over 4 times as hard as the hardeststeel at only half the weight.
This combination of light weight and highhardness

offers resistance to KE warheads comparable to RHA and,more importantly, resistance to shaped charge warheads up to twice theamount RHA offers
. While this makes them good armor material, there areseveral drawbacks to the use of ceramics in tank design.

Firstly ceramics lack mechanical strength and can’t be used as support structures. Furthermore, tobe most effective they must be encased in metal, therefore diluting some of the weight and performance benefit. While the most basic ceramic, Alumina[AL2O3] is about as expensive as Aluminum or hard steel [twice the price of RHA], the really mass efficient ceramics can be up to 10 times the cost of Alumina.Ceramics have additional performance problems: They shatter on impactbecause the mechanical strength can’t survive the shock waves bouncing off the free tile edges. In tests, the resistance of a shattered steel-ceramic targetranges from 95% vs. AP shots to 80% vs. APFSDS. In addition, test on APimpacts of sloped ceramic-steel targets show that resistance is less than theLOS value, when the slanted resistance of RHA is more.
In tests againstAPFSDS against slanted ceramics [SiC, AIN, AD-96, B4C & TiB2] of-fered about the same resistance as the LOS suggests.

Here are the resultsof a battery of normal impact tests from the Journals.
Resistance relative to RHA Vs. APFSDSRatio of thickness of ceramic to steel in target 1:3 2:2 3:1

Resistance of Pyrex /Steel 0.58 0.87 0.8Resistance of Pyrex /Tungsten 1.06 1.12 1.16Resistance of Pyrex /Aluminum 0.46 0.6 0.78Resistance of fuzed Quartz/SHS 0.62 0.58 0.5Resistance of AD-85/RHA @ 1.7k/ms 0.96 0.99 0.89Resistance of AD-96/RHA @ 1.7 k/ms 0.96? 0.98 0.93Resistance of AD-97/SHS @ 1.7k/ms 1.2 1.07 1.05Resistance of AD-97/SHS @ 1.3 k/ms 1.3 1.18 0.98Resistance of AD-97/RHA @ 1.5 k/ms 1.0 1.03 0.96Resistance of AD-99/RHA @ 1.7k/ms 1.04 1.08 ?Resistance of AD-99/SHS @ 1.7k/ms 1.08 1.15? ?Resistance of UO
2
-87/RHA @ 1.5 k/ms 1.04 1.6 2.0 (est.)Resistance of UO
2
-100/RHA @ 1.5 k/ms 1.22 1.8 2.34 (est.)Resistance of AIN /RHA @ 1.8k/ms 0.96 1.06 0.97Resistance of SiC /RHA @ 1.7k/ms 0.96 1.02 1.02Resistance of B4C/RHA @ 1.7 k/ms 0.93? 0.91 0.87Shaped Charge resistance @ standoff Resistance of Glass[fuzed Quartz]
Vs. HEAT @ 2:1 standoff 1.1 1.23 1.27Vs. HEAT @ 6:1 standoff 1.4 1.77 1.88

 

[Keshav Murali]

The Norinco Type 85-III and 85-IIM tanks appear to share common ammunition specifications, and are said to both be compatible with T-72 ammunition. This may mean that these tank models are not compatible with APFSDS rounds for the Types 98, 99 and 90. About 300 Type 85-IIM tanks are thought to have been exported to Pakistan. This model is also said to field a tungsten based APFSDS-T round.

Chinese Norinco Tanks with 125mm gun

Any tank with a 2A46 gun or variant which is strong enough should be able to fire all 125 rounds.

 

[Manticore]

 

[Dr. Strangelove]

@ANTIBODY
@Dazzler
DOES AL KHALID have blow off pannels

and what is the difference between cast and welded turrets

 

[Keshav Murali]

@ANTIBODY
@Dazzler
DOES AL KHALID have blow off pannels

and what is the difference between cast and welded turrets

No. Al-Khalid does not have BO panels. It's not like it needs one. AZ autoloader is hard to hit.

Cast turrets are directly cast in steel moulds, they are generally weaker, provide lesser protection and are harder to use with composite modules.

Welded turrets are made by welding rolled steel. They are generally better, but might weigh more.