niaz
PDF THINK TANK: CONSULTANT
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It is about 50 years but I vividly remember it. I was a student in London and used to read all the UK newspapers and listen to the BBC to get the news. Additionally, at that time there used to be a hostel for Pakistanis near the Lowndes Square where a couple of days old Pakistani newspapers were available, I used to go there to read Pakistani side of the story. At that time I was also convinced that Pakistan won the war.
Since then I have read analysis of the war by Indians as well as Pakistanis; also by the neutral observers and conclude that this was a war where both the sides can claim to have won.
Pakistan initiated the hostilities thru "Operation Gibraltar" in August 1965. Pakistan’s objective was to liberate Kashmir, which did not happen. Thanks to its cowardly commander, Pakistan’s Ist Armoured Div. also failed to penetrate beyond a few kilometres into India. Thus Indians can claim that they won the war.
On the other hand; even neutral observers agree that Indian aircraft losses were about 4 times more than Pakistan's. Indian massive counter attack on Lahore, Chowinda as well as in Rajasthan sector fizzled out. Thus Pakistan can also claim victory.
With hindsight, one can safely infer that senior commanders at the front and at the GHQ on both sides lacked vision and courage to take risks. For example even an idiot would infer that India would attack anywhere to save Akhnoor from falling. Why wasn’t Pak Army ready for a possible attack on Lahore? Similarly, why did Indian commander fail to exploit the situation when he reached Jallo near Batapur on September 6th, 1965?
Therefore when analysed objectively without any emotional involvement; 1965 conflict emerges as an inconclusive war and was a stalemate where no country really won.
Since then I have read analysis of the war by Indians as well as Pakistanis; also by the neutral observers and conclude that this was a war where both the sides can claim to have won.
Pakistan initiated the hostilities thru "Operation Gibraltar" in August 1965. Pakistan’s objective was to liberate Kashmir, which did not happen. Thanks to its cowardly commander, Pakistan’s Ist Armoured Div. also failed to penetrate beyond a few kilometres into India. Thus Indians can claim that they won the war.
On the other hand; even neutral observers agree that Indian aircraft losses were about 4 times more than Pakistan's. Indian massive counter attack on Lahore, Chowinda as well as in Rajasthan sector fizzled out. Thus Pakistan can also claim victory.
With hindsight, one can safely infer that senior commanders at the front and at the GHQ on both sides lacked vision and courage to take risks. For example even an idiot would infer that India would attack anywhere to save Akhnoor from falling. Why wasn’t Pak Army ready for a possible attack on Lahore? Similarly, why did Indian commander fail to exploit the situation when he reached Jallo near Batapur on September 6th, 1965?
Therefore when analysed objectively without any emotional involvement; 1965 conflict emerges as an inconclusive war and was a stalemate where no country really won.