Trap At Umber Khind
Kartalab Khan was the "right hand" of Shahiste Khan, the General who was sent by Emperor Aurangazeb specifically to decimate the budding nation of Shivaji and his followers. Shahiste Khan came fully equipped with over 100,000 soldiers, cavalry, guns and experienced military strategists. We have already met Shahiste Khan in the battle of Chaakan. Kartalab Khan was a skilled army commander with years of battle experience. He did not consider it important that most of his experience was in the relatively flat lands of North Central India against opposing armies who participated in the battles mostly because they were paid to do so. Kartalab's command was reinforced with 20,000 troops, artillery pieces, horses and numerous elephants.
Those of you who have traveled from Pune to Mumbai will have a distinct advantage visualizing this story.
To reach Umbar Khind from Pune, Kartalab traveled via Chinchvad, Talegaon, Vadagaon and Malavali (roughly parallel to the present railway line). At that point, he turned left towards Lohagad (a fort on the border of the Deccan plateau and Kokan). His army began the descent into Kokan area through the narrow pass that separates Lohagad from Visagad. His plan: descend into Tungaranya (a dense forest with hills on both sides), ascend some distance to Umbar Khind (pass) and then descend into Kokan proper. It is worth noting that when the British built the railroad between Mumbai and Pune, they chose go through Khandala Ghat and not via Umbar Khind. Why? Khandala Ghat, also known as BorGhat, is much more open and broad than Umbar Khind. It is much less subject to surprise attacks. Initially, Khan was planning to descend through BorGhat. Had he done so, Shivaji would have a much harder battle on his hands.
So,
why did Kartalab chose to pass through Umbar Khind? The simplest answer is that Shivaji forced him to do that by ensuring that Kartalab knew that Shivaji was at the base of this Khind! This was the first important milestone in Shivaji's strategy. Khan was planning a secret campaign but Shivaji's spies were far more skillful. Khan had heard that Shivaji and his army would be at Kurawanda � roughly 3 miles from Lonavala.
When Khan reached Kurawanda, there was no sign of Shivaji or his army. His spies brought the news (!) that Shivaji was at Pen � at the base of the Ghat. Naturally, Khan chose to quickly descend this mountain pass and launch a surprise attack on Shivaji. Khan was traveling in February when most rivers in Konkan area are dry or nearly so. It is difficult to fight a battle unless you import a large supply of drinking water.
Unknown to Kartalab Khan,
Shivaji and his army were already in the hills that surrounded the UmbarKhind � ready and waiting for Khan and his army to descend to the base of the pass. They were equipped with rocks and boulders in addition to the usual rifles, bow & arrows as well as sabers. How large was this army? About 1,000 strong. This entire pass was covered with dense forest and so, Shivaji's army was not visible to Khan and his army. The trap was now set for Khan. Khan and his army climbed down to the base in about 4 hours and met no resistance whatsoever. As his army moved down, Shivaji and some of his men reached the top of the pass. In short, unknown to him, Khan was now completely trapped.
As soon as Khan reached the base of the pass, Shivaji's army began the battle with the help of rolling boulders! Since Shivaji's army was on top of the hills, Khan and his army were in effect fighting an invisible army. Nor could they retreat as a portion of Shivaji's army and Shivaji himself were waiting at the top of the mountain pass. In 2-3 hours at most, the battle was over!
Khan had no choice but to surrender and beg for a safe passage.
Shivaji's small army of 1,000 had trapped and defeated a well-equipped army of 20,000! Shivaji agreed to let Khan and his army leave Umbar Khind and return to Khan's home base in Pune provided that:
- Khan and his army left empty-handed (leaving behind their arms: rifles, guns, gun-powder, sabers, arrows, shields, etc.)
- Khan left behind their horse, bulls, wagons, tents, food stores, all extra clothing items, jewelry, gold, etc.
- Khan allowed anyone who wished to join Shivaji's army.
https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCgQFjAC&url=http://www.maayboli.com/arch/1/shivaji/umberkhind.shtml&ei=uI_QVP_AA8Xz8gXypIGQCg&usg=AFQjCNEJ9Ic98bpMU8IUnYWhQK1RxpwUDQ&bvm=bv.85076809,d.dGc
