Song Hong
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The causes of famines in 1944 - 1945, according to writers who lived through this period, like To Hoai, were:
1- Flood in the North of Vietnam in 1944, leading to very low harvest in 1944
2. Seize of rice by Japanese army for military use
3. No transportation from the South to the North: all transportation means, either rail, truck or ships, were seized by the Japanese army for military use.
Direct or indirect, the famine which killed almost 2 millions in the North, was caused by the Japanese.
I incline to downplay flood. Nam Dinh or Song Hong delta is always flooding, until the construction of dam. And there are people dying as far as Thai Nguyen (cant be flooding there).
It was the Japanese who took all the food away.