The Geary Act -- United States Racist Law Against its Chinese Residents

[ARMalik]

Geary Act​

The Geary Act was a United States law that extended the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 by adding onerous new requirements. It was written by California Representative Thomas J. Geary and was passed by Congress on May 5, 1892.
The law required all Chinese residents of the United States to carry a resident permit, a sort of internal passport. Failure to carry the permit at all times was punishable by deportation or a year of hard labor. In addition, Chinese were not allowed to bear witness in court, and could not receive bail in habeas corpus proceedings.

The Geary Act was challenged in the courts but was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in an opinion by Justice Horace Gray, Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U.S. 698, 13 S. Ct. 1016. 37 L.Ed. 905 (1893), Justices David Josiah Brewer, Stephen J. Field, and Chief Justice Melville Fuller dissenting.

The Chinese Exclusion Acts remained in force until partly modified by the Magnuson Act in 1943, which slightly opened up Chinese immigration and permitted naturalization.

Background​

Chinese immigrants came to the U.S. in large numbers during the California Gold Rush and in the 1860s when the Central Pacific Railroad recruited labor to build its portion of the Transcontinental Railroad. Once gold became more scarce and labor more competitive, white hostility to the Chinese (as well as other foreign laborers) intensified in the West.[1] This hostility eventually led to the passage of anti-Chinese immigration laws, such as the Page Act of 1875 and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. The Act excluded Chinese "skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining" from entering the country for ten years under penalty of imprisonment and deportation, as well as denying U.S. citizenship to Chinese immigrants.[2] The Act effectively began immigration enforcement at the border because prior to the passage of the Page Act and Chinese Exclusion Act, there existed no trained officials and interpreters, nor the bureaucratic machinery with which to enforce immigration restriction laws or an effort to document and track the movements and familial relationships of immigrants. These types of policies implemented in the Page and Chinese Exclusion Acts have largely been seen as due to what Erika Lee depicts as Government officials' deep "suspicion Chinese were attempting to enter the country under fraudulent pretenses"

Geary Act - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

 

[gambit]

List of Chinese Americans - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

 

[IblinI]

List of Chinese Americans - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Not expecting a viet old man to speak on this matter, it seems you are more loyal to the empire than i thought.
Your ancestor must be proud.

 

[gambit]

Not expecting a viet old man to speak on this matter, it seems you are more loyal to the empire than i thought.
Your ancestor must be proud.

Given that list of prominent Chinese-Americans, am in good company, including their Chinese ancestors.

 

[IblinI]

Given that list of prominent Chinese-Americans, am in good company, including their Chinese ancestors.

Ofc, I Agreed, traitors are everywhere.

 

[gambit]

Ofc, I Agreed, traitors are everywhere.

Let us not forget that even today, pregnant Chinese mothers STILL come to the US so that their babies can have US citizenship, tacitly saying US citizenship is more valuable than Chinese citizenship. I bet their ancestors are proud, eh?

 

[IblinI]

Let us not forget that even today, pregnant Chinese mothers STILL come to the US so that their babies can have US citizenship, tacitly saying US citizenship is more valuable than Chinese citizenship. I bet their ancestors are proud, eh?

Speaks like a true traitor and going after women, lol.
You served but they didnt, there is a big difference, anyway, old man, you will meet your ancenstor soon given by your age, they will probably gives you a hug
cảm ơn!

 

[ARMalik]

Chinese Exclusion Act​

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. The law excluded merchants, teachers, students, travelers, and diplomats.[1] Building on the earlier Page Act of 1875, which banned Chinese women from migrating to the United States, the Chinese Exclusion Act was the only law ever implemented to prevent all members of a specific ethnic or national group from immigrating to the United States.

Passage of the law was preceded by growing anti-Chinese sentiment and anti-Chinese violence, as well as various policies targeting Chinese migrants.[2] The act followed the Angell Treaty of 1880, a set of revisions to the U.S.–China Burlingame Treaty of 1868 that allowed the U.S. to suspend Chinese immigration. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. These laws attempted to stop all Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years, with exceptions for diplomats, teachers, students, merchants, and travelers. They were widely evaded.[3]

The law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion and allowed 105 Chinese immigrants to enter the United States each year. Chinese immigration later increased with the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, which abolished direct racial barriers, and later by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which abolished the National Origins Formula.[4]

Chinese Exclusion Act - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

 

[INS_Vikrant]

Whay are you making thread on a law enacted 130 years ago in 1892 and was repealed in 1943, 80 years ago.

 

[ARMalik]

early chinese migrants to america were all southerner chinese because they were discriminated inside china, clearly the kind heart of usa treated them better if they kept going over there

Na, that is NOT the point. The Point is that US is the ONLY RACIST NATION ON PLANER EARTH WHO HAS THE HONOUR OF HAVING GOVERNMENTAL RACIAL VILIFICATION LAWS against the Chinese ! !

 

[gambit]

Na, that is NOT the point. The Point is that US is the ONLY RACIST NATION ON PLANER EARTH WHO HAS THE HONOUR OF HAVING GOVERNMENTAL RACIAL VILIFICATION LAWS against the Chinese ! !

Yes, that was terrible.

USS Chung-Hoon (DDG 93)

www.surfpac.navy.mil

Gordon Chung-Hoon - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

But if the US is so terrible today, why do Chinese persist on trying to come here?

 

[Broccoli]

Ofc, I Agreed, traitors are everywhere.

Do you suggest that Chinese should only live in China and if they chose otherwise they are traitors? Is that logic we are going with?

 

[Hamartia Antidote]

Geary Act​

The Geary Act was a United States law that extended the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 by adding onerous new requirements. It was written by California Representative Thomas J. Geary and was passed by Congress on May 5, 1892.

Six other times the US has banned immigrants

Donald Trump’s ‘Muslim ban’ is not the first time specific groups or nationalities have been blocked from the US.

www.aljazeera.com

Six other times the US has banned immigrants​

1. Exclusion of the Chinese​

President Chester A. Arthur.

Signed on May 6, 1882.

The Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned “skilled and unskilled labourers and Chinese employed in mining” from entering the US for 10 years, was the first significant law restricting immigration to the country. It came at a time when the US was struggling with high unemployment and, although Chinese made up a very small segment of the country’s workforce, they were nevertheless scapegoated for its social and economic woes.

The law also placed restrictions on Chinese who were already in the US, forcing them to obtain certificates in order to re-enter if they left the country and banning them from securing citizenship.

The act expired in 1892 but was extended for a further 10 years in the form of another – the Geary Act. This placed additional restrictions on Chinese residents of the country, forcing them to register and to obtain a certificate of residence, without which they could be deported.

This changed in 1943 with the Magnuson Act – which allowed some Chinese immigration and for some Chinese already residing in the country to become naturalised citizens, but which maintained the ban on property and business ownership. This came at a time when China was a US ally during World War II.

2. Jewish refugees during World War II​

President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

As millions of people became refugees during World War II, US President Franklin D Roosevelt argued that refugees posed a serious threat to the country’s national security. Drawing on fears that Nazi spies could be hiding among them, the country limited the number of German Jews who could be admitted to 26,000 annually. And it is estimated that for most of the Hitler era, less than 25 percent of that quota was actually filled.

In one of the most notorious cases, the US turned away the St Louis ocean liner, which was carrying 937 passengers, almost all of whom are thought to have been Jewish, in June 1939. The ship was forced to return to Europe, where more than a quarter of its passengers are thought to have been killed in the Holocaust.

3. Anarchists banned​

President Theodore Roosevelt.

Signed on March 3, 1903.

In 1903, the Anarchist Exclusion Act banned anarchists and others deemed to be political extremists from entering the US.

In 1901, President William McKinley had been fatally shot by Leon Czolgosz, an American anarchist who was the son of Polish immigrants.

The act – which was also known as the Immigration Act of 1903 – codified previous immigration law and, in addition to anarchists, added three other new classes of people who would be banned from entry: those with epilepsy, beggars and importers of prostitutes.

The act marked the first time that individuals were banned for their political beliefs.

4. Communists banned​

Passed by Congress on August 23, 1950, despite being vetoed by President Harry Truman .

The Internal Security Act of 1950 – also known as the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950 or the McCarran Act – made it possible to deport any immigrants believed to be members of the Communist Party. Members of communist organisations, which were required to register, were also not allowed to become citizens.

Truman opposed the law, stating that it “would make a mockery of our Bill of Rights”.

Sections of the act were ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1993. But some parts of the act still stand.

5. Iranians​

President Jimmy Carter, April 7, 1980.

Following the 1979 Iranian hostage crisis, during which the US embassy in Tehran was stormed and 52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days, American President Jimmy Carter cut diplomatic relations with and imposed sanctions on Iran. He also banned Iranians from entering the country.

Today, Iranians have again been banned – one of seven Muslim majority countries included in Trump’s executive order .

6. Ban on HIV positive persons​

Under President Ronald Reagan, the US Public Health Service added Aids to its list of “dangerous and contagious” diseases. Senator Jesse Helms’ “Helms Amendment” added HIV to the exclusion list.

In 1987, the US banned HIV positive persons from arriving in the US. The laws were influenced by homophobic and xenophobic sentiment towards Africans and minorities at the time, as well as a false belief that the HIV virus could be spread by physical or respiratory contact. Former US President Barack Obama lifted it in 2009, completing a process begun by President George W Bush.

 

[Super Falcon]

Unnecessary power will create monsters

 

[Hamartia Antidote]

Na, that is NOT the point. The Point is that US is the ONLY RACIST NATION ON PLANER EARTH WHO HAS THE HONOUR OF HAVING GOVERNMENTAL RACIAL VILIFICATION LAWS against the Chinese ! !

Are you going to let us know about Africans next..since nobody ever heard about that either.

Well I guess the Chinese should be thankful the US was the only country on the planet. I'm sure Africans wished there was only one.