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Sameera Moussa: World-renowned Egyptian Nuclear Scientist

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There are so few female scientists in the world, and particularly in Africa, that I had to talk about Sameera Moussa, the world-renowned Egyptian nuclear scientist. Sameera Moussa held a doctorate in atomic radiation, specializing on making the medical use of nuclear technology affordable to all. She organized the Atomic Energy for Peace Conference and sponsored a call for setting an international conference under the banner “Atom for Peace,” where many prominent scientists were invited. The conference made a number of recommendations for setting up a committee to protect against nuclear hazards, for which she strongly advocated.

Sameera was born in the Gharbia Governorate in Egypt in 1917. After she lost her mother to cancer, she vowed to study how to better medicine through science. She went on the join the faculty of Sciences at the University of Cairo, where she earned a BSc in Radiology in 1939, with first class honors. She became a remarkable faculty, and the first woman to hold a university post. Being the first to obtain a Ph.D. degree in atomic radiation, she earnestly sought to make nuclear treatment to everyone. She used to say: “I’ll make nuclear treatment as available and as cheap as aspirin.” She worked hard for this purpose and throughout her intensive research, she came up with a historic equation that would help break the atoms of cheap metals such as copper, ultimately paving the way for a cheap nuclear bomb. Sameera also volunteered to help treat cancer patients at various hospitals especially since her mother went through a fierce battle against this disease.


Sameera Moussa at the University of Cairo

Later on, Sameera received a Fullbright scholarship to study at modern research facilities at the California University. In recognition for her pioneering nuclear research, she was given permission to visit the secret US atomic facilities. The visit raised vehement debate in the United States Academic and Scientific circles since Sameera was the first “alien” to have access to such facilities.

She turned down several offers that required her to live in the United States and be granted American citizenship, saying “Egypt, my dear homeland, is waiting for me.” On August 5th, 1952 after her first visit to America she intended to return home, but was invited on another trip. On the way, the car rushed down from a height of 40 feet, which killed her immediately. The mystery surrounding her accident, since the invitation to California, made people suspicious and many believe that it was a planned assassination.

Today, Sameera has been awarded several prizes (the 1953 honor by the Egyptian Army, and the 1981 Order of Science and Arts by , but most importantly she has paved the way for Egyptian and African women scientists. It feels so great to know that back in the 1930s, and 1950s, when there were people like Enrico Fermi, Albert Einstein, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, there was also Sameera Moussa, an outstanding Egyptian Female scientist who thought of ‘Atoms for Peace’ and wanted cheap treatments for all.

Sameera Moussa: World-renowned Egyptian Nuclear Scientist | African Heritage
 
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The Legend…..Ali Moustafa Mosharafa
Written By: Hatem Aly
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“I can not believe that Mosharafa is dead, he is alive through his researches. We are in need of his talents, it is a great loss, and he was a genius. I used to follow up his researches in atomic energy; definitely he is one of the best scientists in physics.”

By these words Albert Einstein expressed his sorrow on the death of his friend and colleague Ali Moustafa Mosharafa.


Mosharafa was born on the 11th of July, 1898 in Damietta. Members of his family were known of their piety and interest in science. His father was a religious scholar who belonged to the school of Gamal Al-Din Al-Afghani and Mohammed Abdou, so he was raised from his early beginning in deep relation with the Quran and since his childhood he used to link science with the presence of God.


Moustafa was the youngest student in his class, but the most knowledgeable. His teachers used to call him “Sir” for his profound knowledge and character. He obtained his primary certificate in 1910 ranking first nationwide although his father died one month before his exams. At the age of 16 he obtained his Baccalaureate in 1914, being the youngest student at that time to be awarded such a certificate. He preferred to enroll in the Teachers’ College rather than the faculties of Medicine or Engineering due to his deep interest in mathematics. He graduated in 1917. Due to his excellence in mathematics, the Egyptian Ministry of Education sent him to England where he obtained BSc (Honors) from the University of Nottingham, then the Egyptian University consented to grant Mosharafa another scholarship to complete his doctorate. During his stay in London many of his scientific researches were published in prominent scientific magazines. He obtained a PhD in 1923 from the Royal College of London in the shortest possible time permissible according to the regulations there. In 1924 he was awarded DSc (the greatest academic degree in Sciences), the first Egyptian and 11th scientist in the entire world to obtain such degree.


When the Egyptian University was opened in 1925, he became an assistant professor of mathematics in the Faculty of Science because he was under the age of 30, the minimum age required for fulfilling the post of a professor. His promotion to professor was raised in the Parliament chaired, then, by Saad Zaghloul. The Parliament lauded his qualifications and merits which surpassed those of the English dean of the faculty. In 1926 he was promoted to Professor.

He was the first Egyptian professor of applied mathematics, the Faculty of Science. Then he became dean of the faculty in 1936.
The American broadcast announced him as one of seven scientists in the world who knew the secrets of atom structure. He also wrote a book on the theory of relativity translated into English, French and German. It was reprinted in the USA. He produced around 15 scientific books about relativity, mathematics, atom and space invasion. His most important books are: – - We and Science – Science and Life – Atom and Atomic Bomb – Scientific Claims – Engineering in Pharaohs Times.
Mosharafa was one of the distinguished few who were in close contact with the great scientist Einstein, as he enriched Einstein’s theory on relativity.
He was keen on disseminating public scientific awareness, and wrote several articles and books for the public about science in simple forms, he also contributed in a lot of social organizations.


“Egypt & Europe Magazine” published a cartoon of him standing between Russia and the USA holding in his hands rolled paper, and both super-powers awaiting him to unfold the secrets of science.

Moustafa believed that the Egyptian desert is rich in uranium and he considered the desert to be the second richest source after the river Nile of national income and raw materials.
He participated in establishing the students and professors association, he was one of its activists until he became its president , he made it like a parliament including within it the best amongst students and professors , giving amazing examples for freedom of speech and how different issues could be discussed in a civilized manner.


He accepted, for the first time, students from other Arabic countries and he said “the national restrictions and sexual discrimination is nothing but satanic ways used to distribute hatred and envy between the harmonic hearts “


In the year 1950 Moustafa Mosharafa died in unclear circumstances that point to be murdered by the hands of the global Zionist movement whose reaction was not much different towards his clever student Dr. Sameera Moussa.


His sayings:

-“Work with your brothers for God”


-“In my country there is a generation in need for me”


-“The government that neglects the atomic studies, neglects the defense of their homeland”


-“The principal of equal opportunities in the only measure that satisfies me “


May God bless him in heaven; he was a perfect example for how a scientist should be. He always dedicated his knowledge to his Lord and he did his best for his country.

He was a star that we need to follow.
He was Moustafa Mosharafa.

The Legend…..Ali Moustafa Mosharafa | Here to Make a Change
 
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The Assassination of Dr. Yahia Al-Mashad

The interesting part in the assassination of Dr. Yahia Al-Mashad is that it is not a real Egyptian X-File because we know who and how the honourable scientist was killed and for what but we can’t arrest those who killed that honourable scientist after all those years.

Channel 3 at the French TV aired a very interesting documentary I am surprised that a western television would produce in the first place : The assassination of Dr. Yahia Al-Mashad.

Dr. Yahia Al-Mashad, “1932-1980” the Egyptian nuclear scientist headed the Iraqi nuclear program which Israel sabotaged in 1980s.
Al-Mashad was assassinated in Paris by the Mossad and he was not the first Egyptian Nuclear scientist nor last to be assassinated in strange circumstances that indicate the involvement of the Israeli Mossad. The list is too long.

Many books and documentaries in the Arab world especially in Egypt talked about the assassination of Al-Mashad even more than bombing the Iraqi Nuclear program. The most famous and best documentary that covered this assassination was Youssry Fouad’s special documentary on Al-Jazeera.Also in 1991 ex-Mossad agent Victor Ostrovsky published his book “By way of deception “ ,this book includes the details Dr. Al-Mashad assassination

Back to the French documentary , well this documentary shows you how the Israeli Mossad orchestrated the whole operation. I know it is in French and there is no subtitles I am afraid but insh Allah I will summarize the main points below :

  • Israel wanted to sabotage the Iraqi Nuclear program which Iraq started it in 1975 with the help of France.
  • The Israeli Mossad began to stop it through several ways :
1// Sending threatening letters to the French scientists in program ordering them to leave Iraq , interestingly enough the mails were signed by a bogus Islamist group !!!!

2// Using the old techniques of assassination targeting the scientists of the program , above Dr. Yahia Al- Mashad.
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  • Despite the official report regarding the assassination ,the documentary shows how the Mossad did it
1// Mossad officer Crif who was working in the Israeli Embassy in Paris recruited a call girl to know Al-Mashad’s room number in the Meridian hotel. That girl also tried to seduce Al-Mashad but failed on contrary to what Ostrovsky claims in his book

2// On the 13th of June 1980 *Someone* had entered the room of the scientist and killed him.

3// His skull was smashed by a sharp instrument that has not been identified up till now according to the French forensic report.

4// The case was closed without reaching to the murderer , the official story considered it unprofessional and that it was a crime of passion involving a woman “the call girl”

5// The call girl was killed by the Mossad in a hit and run accident when the police began to ask her questions.

  • The French intelligence knew about this all that time and you can see in the documentary the French intelligence officer who was responsible for this particular case.
  • Another scientist called Abdul Al-Rasoul was poisoned by the Mossad.
  • In the end Israel bombed the Iraqi reactor and put a sad end to the Iraqi Nuclear program.
Regardless of what you think about Saddam regime which I do not favour by all means still to describe what I think ,I will say that I wish that Nasser did not stop our Nuclear program. Already as I said in the beginning Al-Mashad was not the first Nuclear scientist killed by the Mossad ,the list is too long and too old starting from the assassination of Samira Moussa in the United States from more than 50 years ago and before her Dr. Mustafa Mosharafa. It is not about the Iraqi Nuclear program I am afraid , it is about killing every attempt by the Arabs to advance scientifically. Believe me it is not a conspiracy theory mindset , it is more than that.

Egyptian Chronicles: The Assassination of Dr. Yahia Al-Mashad
 
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Hassan Kamel Assabbah

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Birth: Jan. 1, 1895
Al-Janub, Lebanon
Death: Dec. 31, 1935
Al-Janub, Lebanon
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Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah was a technological leader whose inventions in electricity had a great impact on the development of 20th century technology. In August 1921, Sabbah travelled to the U.S. to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for one year. In 1922, he enrolled at the University of Illinois, where he earned a master's degree in engineering sciences in 1923.

He was hired by the engineering laboratory of the General Electric Company (GE) at Schenectady, N.Y. in 1923. It was not long before his research efforts resulted in a number of patents. However, Sabah had signed a contract with GE whereby all his inventions became the property of the company, and so he received a reward of one dollar for each of his patented inventions. Between 1927 and 1935, he invented 52 different applications.


Hassan Kamel Assabbah
Hassan Kamel Assabbah (August 16, 1895 - March 31, 1935) was born in Nabatieh, Lebanon. He was an electrical and electronics research engineer, mathematician and inventor par excellence. He studied at the American University of Beirut. He taught mathematics at Imperial College of Damascus, Syria, and at the American University of Beirut. He is seen as being the father of the solar cell. He died in an automobile accident at Lewis near Elizabeth Town, N.Y.
In 1921, he travelled to the United States and for a short time studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before joining the University of Illinois in 1923. He entered the vacuum tube section of the Engineering Laboratory of the General Electric Company at Schenectady N.Y., in 1923, where he was engaged in mathematical and experimental research, principally on rectifiers and inverters, receiving over 70 United States and foreign patents covering his work. He was engaged in work on television and motors as well, and originated circuits for use with rectifiers. He prepared a series of articles on polyphase polycyclic static converters which were published in the General Electric Review and his paper on the effect of circuits on arc backs in mercury congress at Paris in 1932. He was also on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers fellowship grade.
Mr. Assabbah's dream was to build sun-powered cells in the Arabian desert; the main ingredients for solar power are sand (making solar cells) and strong sun (powering it). In 1935, he declared that he would return to the Middle East and transform the Arabian desert into a paradise. (He was talking about using the desert to make and power the solar cells and thus producing enormous amounts of energy).
Mr. C.G. Marcy, the personnel director of General Electric Company, used these words to describe Hasan Kamel Assabbah in a letter dated April 16, 1935:
"It is indeed unfortunate that his genius mind should be brought to such an untimely end. His death is a great loss for the world of invention"
He is the nephew of prominent linguist and writer Sheikh Ahmad Reda.

Discoveries and inventions
It is necessary to show the application and technical importance of how Hasan Kamel Assabbah's inventions and patents have contributed to applied technology in North America and the entire world. These patents of highly intricate systems, instruments and equipment can be classified in six main groups as follows:

Space Industry (Solar power)
There are 27 patents (1928-35) of Hasan Kamel Assabbah applied in space industries. Solar cells have been widely used for space vehicles and satellites as the main source of power. The original solar cell was invented and tested by Mr. Assabbah in 1930; solar power is by far the cleanest and safest source of energy. The solar cell was further developed after World War II by Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1955. Careful review of the aircraft, spaceship, and satellite electric systems revealed that many electronic instruments and equipments (integrators, regulators, inverters, timers, transmitters, and sensors) are major components of the assembly of these crafts and are developed from Mr. Assabbah's original inventions of rectifiers and converters.

Automotive Industry (The Solar Electric Car)
There are five basic patents (1929-35) on electric distribution, transforming and translating circuits. In 1930, Assabbah performed experiments on his own car to electrify it. He worked seriously to make the idea of the electric car a useful and practical possibility. His early experiments gave GE the unique position as a pioneer in developing the solar cell and sodium-sulphur battery as well. With increasing shortage of liquid fuel, battery-powered electric cars will become attractive for personal transport in and around towns.

Television and Cathode Ray Tube Application
There are three patents on television-transmission of pictures and views (1928-30) and two patents on cathode ray tube (1935). GE research engineers at Schenectady N.Y. developed the liquid crystal display (LCD) instrument system based on the original patents of Hasan Kamel Al-Sabbah. It is the world's largest high resolution LCD panel for aircraft. It presents information in colour, and with twice the sharpness of a home TV screen. The display owes its high resolution to the large number of pixels (dots) that are activated toform an image on its screen, LCD imgaes are normally black and green filters. Further development and modifications of the Alsabbah cathode ray tube created new types of CRT used in electronic systems.The television would not have been discovered without this.

Power Generating Station
It is important to note that six patents (1929-35) dealt with Rectifying and Rectifier Compounding systems. Another 24 patents (1930-30) dealt with electric power conversion and excitation systems. Hasan Kamel Assabbah established in the early Thirties the basic techniques for many applicable procedures for the protection of the excitation transformers over current and rotor over voltage/load. He left after his death a great technical legacy of useful methods, procedures and formulas. All his procedures are presently used by GE's commissioning and operation department and totally or partially adopted and further developed by the other electrical power equipment manufacturers. GE engineers recently developed several electronic equipments based on the original patents of Hasan Kamel Assabbah. Among the new devices are the metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), the conductivity modulated field-effect transistor (COMFET), the high-power bipolar junction transistor (HPBJT), the power MOS-controlled thyristor (PMOSCT) and the HVDC thyristor valves. When he was young, he said to his mother if the streams of the radio work, what if we put a screen over that and the streams will be the same but we will see a picture!! The Television wouldn't have been made with out him.

Pressure and Temperature Electric Instrumentation
There are three basic patents on pressure control (1927-30) and one patent on temperature control (1935). It is important to note that many pressure and temperature devices developed to be used in the control of steam, reheat stages (such as indicators, transmitters, switches, sensors, detectors and controllers) are based on the original patents of Mr. Assabbah. Several major pressure and temperature electronic gauge manufacturers signed mutual agreements with GE to produce and/or further develop the Assabbah inventions.

Heavy Industry: Development of New Arc Welding Methods
There are basic patents on vapour electric arc (1928-30), in addition to the six patents on rectifying and rectifiers (1928-35). These inventions are the cornerstone of the arc-welding machines. The Assabbah rectifying system was further developed by GE. The GE AC/DC transformer/rectifier was introduced to the market in 1930. This transformer/rectifier was the essential part of the shield metal arc welding (SMAW) machine in 1936 and Mr. Hopkins developed the electro slag welding (EW) machine in 1937. The heavy industry (ships, submarines, tanks and turbo-generators) could not progress without the development of the new arc welding machinery. In the early years of the Second World War, many welding machine manufacturers further developed the welding machine to meet the military industry requirements by using the rectifying system of Mr.Assabbah.

Hassan Kamel Assabbah (1895 - 1935) - Find A Grave Memorial
 
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Mossad Assassinates Iraqi Scientists in Bomb Blasts

CAIRO- Israel is constantly seeking to weaken Arab countries on the scientific, technological and intellectual levels. It does this for the purpose of imposing its domination on them after it has failed through lies, in the past decades, to establish itself as the strongest, developed and most destructive state in the region.

Consequently it obstructs any Arab attempt to achieve development in the nuclear field by assassinating Arab scientists and specialists in the nuclear field.

After the US invasion in 2003, Mossad, the national intelligence agency of Israel, launched a massive campaign to eliminate Iraqi scientists in order to end the dream of Iraq becoming a developed nation. According to a British study, Iraq has the largest number of scientists in the world in relation to its population.

Not only did Israel target Iraqi scientists but it also assassinated a large number of Arab scientists. In 1952 the Egyptian atomic research scientist, Sameera Mousa, was assassinated in the US. The Egyptian atomic scientist, Yehya Al Mashad, was killed in 1980 in Paris, the Egyptian microwave scientist, Sayed Bdeer, was eliminated in his house in Alexandria in 1989 and the Egyptian atomic scientist, Sameer Najeeb, was killed in Detroit in 1967.

Israel also exerted pressure on developed western countries to bar Arab students from joining certain specialized institutions. Some countries prevent students from the third world from studying atomic and missile sciences.

A British State Department official said his country was reviewing the opening of sensitive and important specialized institutions (nuclear engineering, missile technology, jet stimulation and chemical and germ technologies that could be used in building nuclear and missiles potentials) before foreign students.

In 2002 the US House of Representatives approved a ban on students of seven countries, including four Arab states, to study in certain specialized fields.

Assassinations

The Egyptian Professor, Yehya Al Mashad, was one of the most important nuclear scientists in Iraq. He was working for the Iraqi Atomic Energy Agency and at the same time he was lecturing at the Engineering Faculty at the University of Baghdad.

Mashad had managed to rebuild the Iraqi nuclear oven which was destroyed in 1979. He also supervised the transfer of the oven from the Port of Toulon in France to Iraq. After that he became the spokesman and president of the Iraqi Nuclear Program. He also facilitated a deal with France to acquire enriched uranium.

In 1980 he was killed by Mossad in a hotel in Paris.

The Egyptian atomic scientist, Professor Sameera Mousa, left Egypt in 1951 for the US to conduct research at Saint Louis University. After a few months, when asked to remain at the university, she replied, “my precious homeland, Egypt, awaits me”. Before returning home, on her way back after visiting a nuclear laboratory in the US, she was killed by a truck which crashed into her car.

Mousa was born on March 3, 1917 in the Sinbou Village of Al Gharbeyyeh Governorate. She won many prizes in her primary education. She obtained a Masters degree in gas-thermo communication. She obtained a scholarship in the UK and was able to complete her doctorate dissertation in two years.

Mossad also assassinated Professor Mustafa Mashrefah who was the first Arab scientist taking part in space research and one of Albert Einstein’s main assistants. He was called “The Arab Einstein.”

The Egyptian scientist Dr. Nabil Al Laqeeni disappeared mysteriously in what was then Czechoslovakia. The Egyptian scientist Dr. Jamal Hamdan was killed by Mossad and all his books and publications have disappeared.

Dr. Salwa Habib was killed by Mossad after publishing her book “The Israeli Influence in Africa.” She was found slaughtered in her apartment and the Egyptian police failed to find the killer.

The nuclear Palestinian scientist Nabil Ahmed Fleifel, from Al Am’ari refugee camp, was assassinated by Mossad.

Mossad assassinated the Lebanese Physicist Ramal Hassan Ramal who was one of the 100 best Physics scientists in the world and was dubbed “The Edison of the Arabs.”

Mossad kills 350 Iraqi scientists

According to a report, Mossad, in cooperation with the US occupation forces in Iraq, have killed 350 Iraqi nuclear scientists and more than 200 University professors.

The report, prepared by the US Secretary of State and referred to the US President George Bush, said that Mossad and commando groups had been active in Iraq since the invasion in 2003. They targeted Iraqi nuclear scientists after the US had failed to convince them to work for the US or move to the US.

Some of them were forced to work in public research centers in the US but the majority refused to work with American scientists in certain tests, the report added. Many of them fled to other countries.

The scientists who refused to leave Iraq were severely interrogated and were tortured. The report stated that Mossad saw that they had to be eliminated because they posed a threat to the future of Israel.

Mossad found that the best way to assassinate them is through the ongoing violence in Iraq. The report added that the Pentagon was also convinced that this was the best way and special Israeli commando groups were prepared to fulfill this task. The US team gave assistance to the Zionist troops and the team prepared the curriculum vitae of the scientists and provided access to them.

According to the report, the operations have targeted more than 1000 Iraqi scientists and one of the main purposes of the bomb blasts spread in many cities in Iraq is to eliminate the scientists.

Mossad Assassinates Iraqi Scientists in Bomb Blasts >> Four Winds 10 - Truth Winds
 
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Mosad and Israel involved in another terrorist attack? Who is even surprised?
 
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Mossad has been killing Arab nuclear scientists for decades


The Zionist regime is constantly seeking to weaken Arab countries on the scientific, technological, and intellectual levels.

Israel does this for the purpose of imposing its domination on Arab countries since it has failed, through lies over the decades, to establish itself as the strongest and most developed player in the region.

The assassination of scientists, particularly nuclear scientists, is an easy method the Zionist regime uses to prevent regional countries from acquiring nuclear expertise.

Following is a list of Arab scientists who were assassinated by the Zionist regime’s intelligence agency, the Mossad:

(1) Egyptian scientist Dr. Yahya Amin al-Mushed, who was the chief of the Iraqi nuclear project;

(2) Egyptian nuclear scientist Dr. Samirah Musa, who was killed in a road accident in the United States in 1952 caused by an unidentified driver;

(3) Egyptian nuclear physicist Dr. Samir Naguib, who was assassinated in Detroit;

(4) Egyptian scientist Dr. Nabil al-Laqeeni;

(5) Palestinian nuclear scientist Nabil Ahmed Fleifel;

(6) Egyptian mathematician and physicist Ali Moustafa Mosharafa Pasha, who was a professor of applied mathematics and who contributed to the development of quantum theory as well as the theory of relativity and corresponded with Albert Einstein;

(7) Egyptian scientist Dr. Gamel Hamdan, who was killed by the Mossad and whose books and publications have all disappeared;

(8) Dr. Salwa Habib, who was killed by the Mossad after publishing her book “The Israeli Influence in Africa” and whose murderer was never apprehended by the Egyptian police;

(9) Egyptian scientist Saeed al-Bodair, who had developed some pioneering theories in the field of microwave technology;

(10) Lebanese physicist Ramal Hassan Ramal, who was one of the 100 best physicists in the world and was dubbed the Edison of the Arabs; and

(11) Lebanese physicist Hasan Kamel al-Sabbah.

Mossad has been killing Arab nuclear scientists for decades
 
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Assassination of Iranian Scientists
Behind the Assassination of Iranian Scientists: The Original Sin

To avoid restating the obvious, or repeating what others have already established, I take these facts as givens: that the main perpetrator of the assassination of Iranian scientists has been the Israeli spy agency Mossad, assisted by various covert operations agencies of the United States and its allies; that the claim of Iran’s possessing or pursuing a nuclear arms program is false; and that, therefore, the assertion that Iran poses an “existential” threat to Israel is, likewise, a fiction designed to justify plans of war and regime change in that country.

I would also like to make it clear at the outset that while the imperial powers of the West and their allies, including the Iranian expats collaborating with them, certainly pursue their own nefarious objectives in hunting for regime change in Iran, the focus of this essay is primarily on Israel, and its motives for trying to overthrow the Iranian government.



IN WHAT WAY IS IRAN A THREAT TO ISRAEL?

A statement or an answer to a question can of course be false simply because of a lack of knowledge of the true answer. The claim that Iran’s nuclear program poses an “existential” threat to Israel, however, is false not because those who make the claim lack the knowledge that Iran’s nuclear program does not entail arms production, but because they apparently need to fabricate a pretext for the purposes of destabilization and regime change in that country.

However, while its nuclear program poses no threat to Israel (or any other country), Iran nonetheless poses a threat of a different nature to the expansionist plans of Israel and its allies in the region. That threat stems from Iran’s national sovereignty, its independence from imperial powers, its unwavering exposition of (and challenge to) the radical Zionist project of “greater Israel,” and its defense of the rights of the Palestinian people to their land and their homes.

Iran under the Shah was a close ally of Israel, upholding military and diplomatic ties and supplying it with oil. Since the overthrow of the Shah (1979), however, Iran has switched alliances from the oppressor to the oppressed, the Palestinian people. Not that Iran denies the right of the Jewish people to live in the historical Palestine; but it maintains that such co-existence should be based on international laws and conventions: that is, in a united (one) state and under a democratically-elected government based on one person, one vote, with equal rights to all citizens.

Not only does Iran expose Israel’s formal gestures of peace negotiations with Palestinians as disingenuous delaying tactics, it also exposes the shameful collaboration of most of the Arab leaders with Israel and its imperialist masters in this charade. As this makes Iran’s policy of national sovereignty popular in the Arab-Muslim world, it also earns it the wrath of not only the Israeli and Imperialist powers but also of most of the Arab leaders—hence, the unholy alliance of them all against Iran.

Israel’s fear of Iran is, therefore, a fear of being exposed for what it is, and what it stands for, that is, fear of the truth, not of Iran’s non-existing nuclear weapons.

What frightens Israel and its allies most is the example of the Iranian revolution of 1979, and its subsequent national independence from external powers. Contrary to the distorted image of Iran in the West, the country’s resistance to the Zionist-imperialist pressure is quite popular in the Arab/Muslim world. This is clearly reflected in a number of public opinion polls (taken by well-known pollsters of the United States and other Western countries) that consistently rank President Ahmadinejad of Iran (and Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah of Lebanon’s Hezbollah) above the corrupt and cringing rulers of Arab countries—despite the fact that Iran is neither Arab nor Sunni, as most Arab countries are.

Not surprisingly, many observers of the recent social upheavals in the Arab/Muslim world, known as the Arab spring, argue that these revolutionary movements may have in subtle and roundabout ways been inspired by the Iranian revolution. Nor is it surprising that, to put an end to these revolutionary upheavals, Israel and its allies have gone all out on a relentless mission to destroy the Iranian example of national sovereignty through policies of destabilization and regime change.



A STATE OF TERRORISM, BY TERRORISM, FOR TERRORISM

It is no secret that the state of Israel was created through the expropriation of the Palestinian land by terrorizing and evicting them from their homes—750,000 in the initial 1948 raid alone. Nor is it a secret that Israel has since its creation held to and expanded territory also through terrorism. It is equally clear that militant Zionist leaders of Israel base their future policies of occupation and control on sheer military force and terrorizing strategies—hence, Israel a state of, by and for terrorism.

In an article titled, “The Israeli Terrorist State and its Mossad Assassins,” the late professor Israel Shahak, a Holocaust survivor, and chairman of the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights from 1970 until 1990, famously wrote: “There is nothing new in the fact that Israel is a terrorist state, which, almost from its inception, has used its intelligence service (the Mossad) to assassinate people on foreign soil with any violence or terror it considers necessary for its ends.”

Of course, the Palestinian people bear the bulk of the brunt of the Israeli carnage. The policy of violent obliteration of “existential threats,” real or perceived, to the expansionist plans of Israel, however, goes beyond Palestinians and their supporters in the Arab/Muslim world; it also includes targets in other parts of the world, including the United States, Israel’s most generous benefactor and staunchest ally.

The following is a small sample of instances of Israel’s acts of violence against targets viewed as threats to its existence or interests (there is no chronological or any other type of order in the list provided below).

• One of the most notorious acts of Israeli terrorism occurred in the immediate aftermath of its surprise invasion of Palestine in 1948, when Jewish forces, members of the LEHI underground (also known as the Stern Gang) assassinated Swedish Count Folke Bernadotte, a U.N. appointed mediator. Bernadotte was killed on September 17, 1948, a day after he offered his second mediation plan which, among other things, called for repatriation and compensation for the Palestinian refugees [1].

• There is also “evidence that in 1991 an Israeli undercover team planned to assassinate a U.S. president. The intended victim was George Herbert Walker Bush.” The plot was planned to be carried out when President Bush “went to Madrid for the opening day of the peace conference to be held that year.” Bush’s sin was that he had attempted to pressure Israel into ending its illegal settlement expansion on confiscated Palestinian land by withholding loan guarantees to Israel until it ended this practice. The planned assassination was not carried out, however, presumably because Victor Ostrovsky, a former Mossad agent, who had written a book exposing Israel’s spy agency, had given it away [2].

• Iranian scientists are not the first to fall prey to Israeli-orchestrated targeted killings. Israel has over the years “assassinated a number of scientists of various nationalities.” For example, “In 1990 a Canadian-American scientist and father of seven, Gerald Bull, was assassinated in Belgium. All indications are that it was an Israeli Mossad hit team that drilled five bullets into the back of his head and neck” [2].

• In a similarly cold-blooded fashion, a number of US peace activists have in recent years been “intentionally killed, maimed, and injured by Israeli forces, including 23-year-old Rachel Corrie, 21-year-old Brian Avery, 37-year-old Tristan Anderson, 21-year-old Emily Henochowicz, and 21-year-old Furkan Dogan” [2].

• In 1967, Israeli air and sea forces perpetrated an almost two-hour assault in which they tried to sink a U.S. technical Navy ship (USS Liberty) with a crew of 300. While the attack failed to sink the ship, it succeeded in killing 34 Americans and injuring 174. Analysts have conjured that this was a false-flag operation, intended to blame Egypt for the attack, had the ship gone down and the evidence of Israeli culpability was not discovered [2].

• In 1954, Israeli secret agents planted explosives in the U.S. diplomatic and “cultural” centers in Cairo and Alexandria in an effort to create animosity between Egypt and the United States by blaming the plot, known as the Lavon Affair, on Egyptians. A premature detonation of one of the devices undid the plot before it could cause horrendous death and destruction. Israel later honored the perpetrator, Marcello Ninio [3].

• The first known act of deliberately shooting down a civilian airline was carried out by Israel in February 1973. “Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 was a regularly scheduled flight from Tripoli to Cairo via Benghazi. . . . The aircraft was piloted by a mostly French crew . . . under a contractual arrangement between Air France and Libyan Arab Airlines.” On the orders of the then Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, the plane was shot down by Israeli fighter jets, killing 107 of its 113 passengers, including the entire French crew [4].

• Zionist terror did not even spare Jews. In 1940, Menachem Begin’s Irgun Zwei Leumi terrorist gang bombed the ship Patria in Haifa harbor, killing 240 Jewish refugees, so as to put the blame on the British for political gain. And in 1950-1951, Israeli agents were dispatched to Iraq where they tossed hand grenades into the crowded Massauda Shem-Tov synagogue, causing numerous deaths, in order to blame it on the Iraqis and encourage reluctant Iraqi Jews to immigrate to Israel [3].



THE ORIGINAL SIN

Horrendous as these crimes are, they do not mean that radical Zionist planners and/or perpetrators of such offenses are born with terrorist genes. They are rather indicative of the fact that their perpetrators are captive to a selfish and self-inflicted ideology of apartheid that aims to build an exclusive or predominantly Jewish state in the historical Palestine that would stretch from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean coasts, the so-called “greater Israel.” It should not be difficult to see how a plan of creating and maintaining an unlawful state in the homes and lands of other people might create a siege mentality of paranoia proportions in the minds of the occupiers, reacting violently to any questioning of the legitimacy of such a state. Writer/researcher Ronald Bleier has aptly called the ideological foundation of the state of Israel, Zionism, the “Original sin”:

“Israel’s Original sin is Zionism, the ideology that a Jewish State should replace the former Palestine. At the root of the problem is Zionism’s exclusivist structure whereby only Jews are treated as first-class citizens. In order to create and consolidate a Jewish State in 1948, Zionists expelled 750,000 Palestinians from their homeland and never allowed them or their descendants to return. In addition, Israeli forces destroyed over 400 Palestinian villages and perpetrated about three dozen massacres. In 1967, the Israelis forced another 350,000 Palestinians to flee the West Bank and Gaza as well as 147,000 Syrians from the Golan Heights” [1].

Terrorism is a logical outcome of this “Original sin,” or radical Zionism, since a major component of the scheme of establishing and maintaining the state of Israel is removal (including physical elimination) of any and all threats, real or perceived, to this plan. Elimination of any and all threats—this is key to a better understanding of Israel’s policy of terrorism, whether it is wholesale terrorism carried out by unilateral wars and aerial bombardments, or retail terrorism and targeted assassinations. It also helps explain the brutal assassination of Iranian scientists, as part a well-established pattern of targeted killings.



CONCLUSION

The well-documented pattern of Israel’s policy of targeted killings shows that the assassination of Iranian scientists is neither the first nor the last of Israel’s acts of terrorism. It also shows that the claim that Iran’s nuclear program presents an “existential” threat to Israel is no more than a harebrained excuse to deflect attention from the real threat to Israel: hardline Zionism, or the ideology of colonization and occupation by military force.

As long as this poisonous ideology (which is dangerous not only to the Palestinian people but also, ultimately, to the Jewish people) persists, so would resistance and opposition to it—hence, eternal “existential” threats to Israel. Today that threat is said to come from Iran and Hezbollah, yesterday it came from Nasser’s Egypt and the PLO, tomorrow it would be from other sources of anti-occupation in the region … and the day after it would be from anti-apartheid forces worldwide, including many among Jewish people, just as it happened in South Africa.

Many well-intentioned critics, including a large number of far-sighted Jews, have long warned against the inherent limits and dangers of occupation and rule by military force. Such concerns are perhaps best expressed by these sage yet simple words of Albert Einstein: “Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved by understanding.” Radical Zionist leaders have responded, in a patronizing fashion, that while Einstein was a good scientist, he was politically naive. The logic of things, the history of Israeli relationship with its neighbors, as well as its uncertain future show, however, that Einstein’s warning is indeed prophetic.



Ismael Hossein-zadeh is Professor Emeritus of Economics, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa. He is the author of The Political Economy of U.S. Militarism (Palgrave – Macmillan 2007) and the Soviet Non-capitalist Development: The Case of Nasser’s Egypt (Praeger Publishers 1989). He is a contributor to Hopeless: Barack Obama and the Politics of Illusion, forthcoming from AK Press.


References

[1] Ronald Bleier, “In the Beginning The Link, Volume 36, Issue 3, July - August 2003

[2] Alison Weir, “Israeli AssassIsraeli Assassinations and American Presidents by Alison Weir -- Antiwar.com

[3] Ismail Zayid, “A Shorthttp://www.canpalnet-ottawa.org/Israel state terrorism.html

[4] Wikipedia, “Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114,” Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
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I think that if it was only Usrael doing it on its own, the Arabs would have assassinated their scientists too. The main reason for not doing so, is because they live and work under different nationalities that protect them. That must be the dilemma of the Arab security apparatus...
 
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The assassination of nuclear scientists and Mossad

...It’s Natural that the scientific power and nuclear research in Syria is targeted by Israel, that find in the widespread unrest in Syria a golden opportunity to destroy any progress made by Syria in that field, especially with the special relationship between Tehran and Damascus, which weights the opportunity for further cooperation between them in that field. It is noteworthy that an Iranian was within the victims of the attack on the scientists at Kalamoon district, in addition to the statement made by the internal security commander of Hezbollah about Al-Nusra responsibility via their relationship with Moosad, for the killing of Syrian scientists.

The subject doesn’t concern Syria alone, rather it is an Israeli approach that has been in progress since a long time ago, after the assassination of the Egyptian nuclear scientist Samira Moussa in the United States, or the death of the Egyptian nuclear scientist Mustafa Mosharafa, who is likely have been poisoned, or the assassination of the Egyptian nuclear scientist Yahya El Mashad who was working in the framework of the Iraqi nuclear project at his apartment in Paris, as well as the Israeli bombers that targeted the Iraqi nuclear reactor in July.

Israel’s history, which includes a large number of incidents that goes in one direction, which is smashing the scientific or nuclear power through the ages, as Mossad undertaking of Barzeh’s incident in Damascus’ Countryside makes sense, especially within the operations carried out by Israel itself in which it didn’t resort to the use of the United States, or applying political pressure, like what happened in the Egyptian case during President Lyndon Johnson’s time and Washington's insistence on the inspection of Anshass nuclear reactor, or as in the case of Iraq before the 2003 invasion and the claim of Colin Powell, Secretary of State, that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction .. or in Iran's nuclear file.

... and certainly the subject of targeting Syrian nuclear scientists is not linked to Bashar Al-Assad’s regime in particular, but it is closely related to the overall scientific and political Arab force, and the pillars of the Arab national security regarding that concept.

ALBAWABA NEWS: The assassination of nuclear scientists and Mossad
 
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i have read "by way of deception"... it details not only the assassination of yahia al-mashad but also the many things israel did to preserve its "holy cause" and that of the hegemon, usa government.
 
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Mossad has been killing Arab nuclear scientists for decades


The Zionist regime is constantly seeking to weaken Arab countries on the scientific, technological, and intellectual levels.

Israel does this for the purpose of imposing its domination on Arab countries since it has failed, through lies over the decades, to establish itself as the strongest and most developed player in the region.

The assassination of scientists, particularly nuclear scientists, is an easy method the Zionist regime uses to prevent regional countries from acquiring nuclear expertise.

Following is a list of Arab scientists who were assassinated by the Zionist regime’s intelligence agency, the Mossad:

(1) Egyptian scientist Dr. Yahya Amin al-Mushed, who was the chief of the Iraqi nuclear project;

(2) Egyptian nuclear scientist Dr. Samirah Musa, who was killed in a road accident in the United States in 1952 caused by an unidentified driver;

(3) Egyptian nuclear physicist Dr. Samir Naguib, who was assassinated in Detroit;

(4) Egyptian scientist Dr. Nabil al-Laqeeni;

(5) Palestinian nuclear scientist Nabil Ahmed Fleifel;

(6) Egyptian mathematician and physicist Ali Moustafa Mosharafa Pasha, who was a professor of applied mathematics and who contributed to the development of quantum theory as well as the theory of relativity and corresponded with Albert Einstein;

(7) Egyptian scientist Dr. Gamel Hamdan, who was killed by the Mossad and whose books and publications have all disappeared;

(8) Dr. Salwa Habib, who was killed by the Mossad after publishing her book “The Israeli Influence in Africa” and whose murderer was never apprehended by the Egyptian police;

(9) Egyptian scientist Saeed al-Bodair, who had developed some pioneering theories in the field of microwave technology;

(10) Lebanese physicist Ramal Hassan Ramal, who was one of the 100 best physicists in the world and was dubbed the Edison of the Arabs; and

(11) Lebanese physicist Hasan Kamel al-Sabbah.

Mossad has been killing Arab nuclear scientists for decades

One question. why Arab reply Israel with his own language?
 
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Can you rephrase your question please.

i think he missed out a "can't"... that means he is asking why couldn't west asian and north african governments do counter-assasination of israeli scientists??
 
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i think he missed out a "can't"... that means he is asking why couldn't west asian and north african governments do counter-assasination of israeli scientists??
The answer is in post #9 in this thread.
 
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