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After the Japanese flattened most of the Filipino and American forces on Luzon and the Visayas, they faced the fiercest resistance from the Moro Muslims in Mindanao island. The Moros had been fighting the Americans for several decades and a Moro rebellion was raging against the Americans just when the Japanese invaded the islands.
Unlike in other southeast asian states where the local nationalist movements fell for the Japanese claim that they were going to "liberate" them from white colonialism, the Moros didn't buy their nonsense. They immediately started forming resistance groups to fight the Japanese. Both pro-American Moros, and independent Moro fighters who fought both the Americans and Japanese formed their own fighting units.
The Moros resurrected their infamous suicide squads (the juramentado in Spanish, Parang Sabil in Tausug) and launched suicide attacks against Japanese forces. During a juramentado attack, a Moro armed with a bolo knife or kris would position himself near Japanese or American soldiers, and fly into a rage and kill as many enemy fighters as they could before getting killed themselves. The Moros would only attack foreign colonizers (Japanese, Americans, Spanish) but never attacked local Chinese residents.
http://books.google.com/books?id=ak...a=X&ei=BNkpUqeuCIe54APy-YDYDQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=wv...a=X&ei=BNkpUqeuCIe54APy-YDYDQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ
The Japanese would use brutal tactics, like slaughtering the entire village a Juramentado attacker came from in order to wipe out the resistance. The Japanese navy Medic Akira Makino admitted to conducting beheadings and horrific medical experiments on Moro civilians in Mindanao. He was attacked by Japanese nationalists, who called him a "liar".
Akira Makino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Japanese war veteran speaks of atrocities in the Philippines - Taipei Times
Makino recalled the Japanese troops conducting disgusting surgical "operations" on Moro prisoners.
Japanese war veteran speaks of atrocities in the Philippines - Taipei Times
Mindanao was noted as the most "anti-Japanese" battleground in the region. The Moro band of guerilla resistance fighters were supported by much of the civilian population.
Sultans, Shamans, and Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia - Howard M. Federspiel - Google Books
The Moros fully liberated Mindanao from Japanese control six months before the Americans came back to liberate the Filipinos.
The CRC Press Terrorism Reader - Marie-Helen Maras - Google Books
A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia - Google Books
The Moro armed struggle in the Philippines: the nonviolent autonomy alternative - Macapado Abaton Muslim, Philippines. Office of the President, Mindanao State University. College of Public Affairs - Google Books
Some Moro guerilla fighters would fight both the Japanese, Americans, and Filipinos at the same time.
Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945-1946 - Dds Mel Amler - Google Books
The Moros around Lake Lanao ambushed Japanese troops with their Kris daggers, and some American POWs reported that their Japanese guards were so afraid of Moros they tried to keep them at a distance.
Mitsui Madhouse: Memoir of a U.S. Army Air Corps POW in World War II - Herbert Zincke, Scott A. Mills - Google Books
Some of the Moro juramentado suicide attackers would attack both Japanese and American soldiers and stab them, the Japanese responded by executing entire families of the attacks by beheading and denying food to entire civlian communities.
Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945-1946 - Dds Mel Amler - Google Books
Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945-1946 - Dds Mel Amler - Google Books
Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945-1946 - Dds Mel Amler - Google Books
Cruise of the Lanikai: Incitement to War - Kemp Tolley - Google Books
http://nointervention.com/archive/pubs/CWIS/imnr.html
Igorot and moro National Reemergence: The Fabricated Philippine State.
Note that just when the Japanese invaded in 1941, the Moros were fighting in a rebellion against the Americans at Lake Lanao.
As little as one week before the Japanese invasion, the Moros were fighting and and killing Philipinne and American troops in juramentado attacks. When the Japanese invaded one week later, the Moros simply switched targets and unleashed their feared attacks upon the Japanese.
Islamic Identity, Postcoloniality, and Educational Policy: Schooling and ... - Jeffrey Ayala Milligan - Google Books
TERRITORIES: Terror in Jolo - TIME
Some of the pro-American Moro units formed a unit under Gumbay Piang called the Moro Bolo Battalion and fought alongside American troops (while the other independent Moro fighters fought both Americans and Japanese). These Moro fighters would sometimes assist Americans (while other Moros might stab both American and Japanese). Gumbay Piang had a Chinese paternal grandfather.
The Butchers, the Baker: The World War II Memoir of a United States Army Air ... - Victor L. Mapes, Scott A. Mills - Google Books
The Butchers, the Baker: The World War II Memoir of a United States Army Air ... - Victor L. Mapes, Scott A. Mills - Google Books
Gumbay Piang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Moro War: How America Battled a Muslim Insurgency in the Philippine ... - James R. Arnold - Google Books
Darangen: Epic of History - Google Books
To the Moros, the Japanese were just another colonizer like the Spanish and Americans.
America and Guerrilla Warfare - Anthony James Joes - Google Books
Some Moros would be fighting the Japanese and Americans at the same time, and take advantage of the situation to drive Christian Filipino settlers out of their land in Mindanao,
A Muslim archipelago: Islam and politics in Southeast Asia - Max L. Gross, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research (U.S.) - Google Books
MAR | Data | Assessment for Moros in the Philippines
MNLF Official Website
The MNLF noted the irony of the same colonizers (America and Japan) still assisting the Philippine government to this day.
To this day, Japan has not apoligized to the Moros, nor has it paid any conpensation to the Moro people. It has only paid compensation to the Philippine government, which built a Kamikaze statue to honor the Japanese!
Kamikaze Pilot Statue (Mabalacat)
Some Moro veterans who fought against the Japanese, took up arms again in the Moro rebellion against the Philippines in the 1960s and 1970s and died in battle.
http://www.fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/sword.htm
These were the traditional weapons used by Moro fighters against the Spanish, Americans, and Japanese, the Kris and the Bolo.
Unlike in other southeast asian states where the local nationalist movements fell for the Japanese claim that they were going to "liberate" them from white colonialism, the Moros didn't buy their nonsense. They immediately started forming resistance groups to fight the Japanese. Both pro-American Moros, and independent Moro fighters who fought both the Americans and Japanese formed their own fighting units.
The Moros resurrected their infamous suicide squads (the juramentado in Spanish, Parang Sabil in Tausug) and launched suicide attacks against Japanese forces. During a juramentado attack, a Moro armed with a bolo knife or kris would position himself near Japanese or American soldiers, and fly into a rage and kill as many enemy fighters as they could before getting killed themselves. The Moros would only attack foreign colonizers (Japanese, Americans, Spanish) but never attacked local Chinese residents.
http://books.google.com/books?id=ak...a=X&ei=BNkpUqeuCIe54APy-YDYDQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=wv...a=X&ei=BNkpUqeuCIe54APy-YDYDQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ
Until the middle of the 19th century, however, the holy war was a group obligation. It was organized and led with a good bit of the internal strife which has always been a part of Tausug politics by the sultan and other officials of the Tausug....
A second form of parrang sabbil is said to have occurred every time a Tausug was killed in a battle with a non-Muslim. All Tausug thus killed by the Spaniards, Americans or Filipinos were automatically sabbil. The parrang sabbil occurrences reached its climax in the period of cotta warfare with the Americans. A large number of Tausug would fortify themselves...
Fiction and Fact Following are some points of interest on the juramentado : Myth: The juramentado was exclusively anti-Christian.
It was born in the 19th century, when Muslim power in the southern seas was almost as great as that of Spain. The fiction part of the juramentado myth say that the Muslims were treacherous and untrustworthy in their dealing with the Christians, that they were likely to run amuck at a moment's notice, killing men, women and children, and that they were fanatics who would do anything for the glory of their God.
Fact: The juramentado 's act was never done against members of ethnic groups not considered military enemies of the Tausug, or against those not actively attempting to take the Tausug away from the Islam faith. The juramentado's act was occasionally performed against the Japanese during World War II and the Japanese were clearly defined as enemies. The juramentado never went after Chinese residents in spite of the fact that the Chinese were non-Muslim.
The Japanese would use brutal tactics, like slaughtering the entire village a Juramentado attacker came from in order to wipe out the resistance. The Japanese navy Medic Akira Makino admitted to conducting beheadings and horrific medical experiments on Moro civilians in Mindanao. He was attacked by Japanese nationalists, who called him a "liar".
Akira Makino - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Japanese war veteran speaks of atrocities in the Philippines - Taipei Times
The main enemy facing the small Japanese squad were the guerrilla bands formed by local Muslim Moros, who constantly threatened their station, he said.
"We were told the Moros were such cruel people that they attacked enemies with spears and we actually rescued some people assaulted by them," Makino said. "I was told many times I should not walk in the palm tree jungle after dark."
Naturally, he said, almost all the hostages they captured were Moros. "We were supposed to keep them alive in captivity, but it was no problem if we `disposed' of them, in the beheadings the Japanese have become infamous for," Makino said.
He remembered at least 50 hostages being killed, "including those who got this," he said, moving his hand to imitate a sword cutting off a head.
Makino recalled the Japanese troops conducting disgusting surgical "operations" on Moro prisoners.
Japanese war veteran speaks of atrocities in the Philippines - Taipei Times
The frail old man recalled that many others were kept alive as human guinea pigs for his superior combat doctor, who wanted to show young medics like himself how to conduct surgical operations.
"We first anesthetized them -- we usually used injections or oxygen gas," he said. "Then they passed out in a few seconds."
The combat doctor would tell him to watch as he sliced open a hostage's stomach, a scene that Makino says made him so ill he couldn't eat or drink for days following the ordeals.
"When cooking chicken, the doctor would get amused and say, `Oh, this is just like human intestines,'" he said.
But Makino said he eventually became accustomed to what he had to do.
"I was desperate," he said. "I didn't want to do anything like that if possible. But I had to follow the orders of my superior as a military man, otherwise I'd have been beaten up."
He was unable to put a definitive number on how many of the 50 people that the unit killed were vivisected or how many of the operations he took part in.
He did say he could never forget those days on the tropical island and even six decades later he could barely talk about his experiences without breaking down.
As he talked about his experiences and memories, he lowered his eyes and said he felt the most profound guilt over the way the bodies were handled afterwards.
The Japanese made Moros dig holes in the ground, he said, and then they hurled in the bodies with the stomachs still open.
"The mud got in all over the human stomach. My captain said there was no need to close the wounds because that would just be a waste of suture thread," Makino said.
His voice suggesting the troops had some mercy, Makino added: "But we didn't leave any of the bodies out on the ground."
Mindanao was noted as the most "anti-Japanese" battleground in the region. The Moro band of guerilla resistance fighters were supported by much of the civilian population.
Sultans, Shamans, and Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia - Howard M. Federspiel - Google Books
The Moros fully liberated Mindanao from Japanese control six months before the Americans came back to liberate the Filipinos.
The CRC Press Terrorism Reader - Marie-Helen Maras - Google Books
A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in Southeast Asia - Google Books
During the Commonwealth Period (1935-46), some Moro leaders participated in the 1935 National Assembly Election. ... But only two Muslim leaders won their seats, prompting the Muslim groups to continue their fight for independence. But it was only the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941 'that more or less blunted the Moro independence movement', which resulted in the Japanese invasion of the Philippines.26 During the Japanese occupation, Moros joined anti-Japanese resistance groups. It has been argued that six months before US forces led by General Douglas MacArthur landed in Leyte to retake the Philippines, 'the Muslim territories in Mindanao were already free of the Japanese'.
The Moro armed struggle in the Philippines: the nonviolent autonomy alternative - Macapado Abaton Muslim, Philippines. Office of the President, Mindanao State University. College of Public Affairs - Google Books
The arms that these groups had were mostly home-made guns and bladed weapons like the traditional Moro Kris and Kampilan, and some dilapidated and obsolete vestiges of the war against the Japanese in the early 1940s. There were also
Some Moro guerilla fighters would fight both the Japanese, Americans, and Filipinos at the same time.
Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945-1946 - Dds Mel Amler - Google Books
Just as they were feared by the Spanish, they were now hated by the Filipinos. There was such animosity between the Moros and the Filipinos that small villages were divided into two separate entities Moro and Christian. They were, at the same time, actually at war with the Japanese and Filipinos and barely tolerated the Americans.
The Moros around Lake Lanao ambushed Japanese troops with their Kris daggers, and some American POWs reported that their Japanese guards were so afraid of Moros they tried to keep them at a distance.
Mitsui Madhouse: Memoir of a U.S. Army Air Corps POW in World War II - Herbert Zincke, Scott A. Mills - Google Books
Some of the Moro juramentado suicide attackers would attack both Japanese and American soldiers and stab them, the Japanese responded by executing entire families of the attacks by beheading and denying food to entire civlian communities.
Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945-1946 - Dds Mel Amler - Google Books
Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945-1946 - Dds Mel Amler - Google Books
Midnight on Mindanao: Wartime Remembances 1945-1946 - Dds Mel Amler - Google Books
Cruise of the Lanikai: Incitement to War - Kemp Tolley - Google Books
http://nointervention.com/archive/pubs/CWIS/imnr.html
Igorot and moro National Reemergence: The Fabricated Philippine State.
Note that just when the Japanese invaded in 1941, the Moros were fighting in a rebellion against the Americans at Lake Lanao.
A thousand miles to the south are the Moros of Basilan, Mindanao, Palawan, and the Sulu Archipelago. For 400 years, these people have defended their homeland against foreign invaders - Spaniards, Americans, Japanese, and now Filipinos. Moro history dramatically reveals the illegitimacy of the "national borders" of the Philippines.
All of this provoked a five-year insurrection by the Moros of Lake Lanao - from June 1936 to 1941.
As little as one week before the Japanese invasion, the Moros were fighting and and killing Philipinne and American troops in juramentado attacks. When the Japanese invaded one week later, the Moros simply switched targets and unleashed their feared attacks upon the Japanese.
Islamic Identity, Postcoloniality, and Educational Policy: Schooling and ... - Jeffrey Ayala Milligan - Google Books
TERRITORIES: Terror in Jolo - TIME
Some of the pro-American Moro units formed a unit under Gumbay Piang called the Moro Bolo Battalion and fought alongside American troops (while the other independent Moro fighters fought both Americans and Japanese). These Moro fighters would sometimes assist Americans (while other Moros might stab both American and Japanese). Gumbay Piang had a Chinese paternal grandfather.
The Butchers, the Baker: The World War II Memoir of a United States Army Air ... - Victor L. Mapes, Scott A. Mills - Google Books
The Butchers, the Baker: The World War II Memoir of a United States Army Air ... - Victor L. Mapes, Scott A. Mills - Google Books
Gumbay Piang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Moro War: How America Battled a Muslim Insurgency in the Philippine ... - James R. Arnold - Google Books
Darangen: Epic of History - Google Books
To the Moros, the Japanese were just another colonizer like the Spanish and Americans.
America and Guerrilla Warfare - Anthony James Joes - Google Books
Some Moros would be fighting the Japanese and Americans at the same time, and take advantage of the situation to drive Christian Filipino settlers out of their land in Mindanao,
A Muslim archipelago: Islam and politics in Southeast Asia - Max L. Gross, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research (U.S.) - Google Books
MAR | Data | Assessment for Moros in the Philippines
MNLF Official Website
THE TRAGEDY OF ASIAN BASTARDIZING A FELLOW ASIAN
The blitzkrieg invasion by Japanese imperial forces in the 1940s over the Bangsamoro homeland MINSUPALA simultaneous with Luzon and Visayan islands was the worst inhumane act contemplated and committed by an Asian to another Asian. The short-lived occupation of Mindanao by the Japanese invaders exhibited tyranny, cruelty and inhumanity at its lowest level.
Thus, it was not surprising that in Mindanao the Japanese marauders had to suffer their worst defeat and highest death mortality at the hands of the Bangsamoro freedom fighters, who never surrendered to the Japanese tyrants unlike the Filipinos in Luzon.
Thus, how would Japan now rectify the outlandish historical blunder committed against the Bangsamoro people of Mindanao under Philippine colonialism?
As observed, the Japanese government, which has extended its deep apology to the people of Korea for the blind invasion and brutality committed against its neighbor, has still to apologize to the Muslim and other Indigenous Peoples of Mindanao for the tyrannical colonization of their ancestral domain. But is the present democratic Japanese government capable now to humble itself before the brutalized people of Mindanao?
The MNLF noted the irony of the same colonizers (America and Japan) still assisting the Philippine government to this day.
MORALITY OF ABANDONING PHILIPPINE COLONIALISM
Now hounded or haunted by all colonial, criminal and political circumstances enveloping the forced and illegal occupation of the Bangsamoro homeland MINSUPALA, how can the erstwhile foreign colonizers, such as Spain, America and Japan, help Philippine colonialism under President Benigno S. Aquino III to solve comprehensively and peacefully the Filipino-Moro war in Mindanao.
Is the conspiracy strategy still uppermost in their national interests to continue the inhumane treatment of the Muslim and Lumad natives of Mindanao as colonial slaves of the Filipino colonizers?
How can the foreign conspirators involved in the brutalization and destruction of the Bangsamoro people of Mindanao become humane and fair enough to help the Philippine government under President Benigno S. Aquino III end the Filipino-Moro conflict in Mindanao with "just and lasting" peace formula?
How can today Spain, America, Japan and the Philippines develop a high fortitude to embrace the anti-colonialism dictums, "no to exploitation of man by another man", "no to the law of the jungle that might is right," "yes to peace, no to war", and "Moros, not Filipinos"?
Simply said, the past and present colonizers as well as all stakeholders to the elusive Mindanao peace should clearly understand that the only moral and genuine solution to the Philippines-Bangsamoro war in Mindanao is to address the root cause of the problem. That is Philippine colonialism! The rest of the lip-service formula, including military solution, financial and material dole-outs and color-coated others, is only superficial, artificial and cosmetic because all are merely by-products of colonialism.
On this note, how then can the peaceful and conscious humanity, including the peacemakers and peace advocates in the UN, EU, ASEAN, OIC, NGOs and others, play a historic and objective role to help the Muslim and Highlander natives of war-ravaged Mindanao reclaim their own humanity and freedom from Philippine colonialism?
Simply put, can the Spaniards, Americans, Japanese and Filipinos now at the helm of their respective progressive government be truly human beings to hear the silent cry, genuine sentiments and moral aspirations of their fellow human beings under oppression, historic-religious and culture disintegration and colonial bondage?
In the final analysis, can the past foreign colonizers help the present Christian Catholic Philippine Chief Executive to emulate the historic role of Muslim leaders, like former Indonesian President Habibie and Sudanese President Ahmad Bashir, who boldly abandoned altogether colonialism to end the bloody war in their respective countries, giving peace and freedom to the Catholics of East Timor and Christians/Animists of South Sudan?-rrr/bfs
To this day, Japan has not apoligized to the Moros, nor has it paid any conpensation to the Moro people. It has only paid compensation to the Philippine government, which built a Kamikaze statue to honor the Japanese!
Kamikaze Pilot Statue (Mabalacat)
Some Moro veterans who fought against the Japanese, took up arms again in the Moro rebellion against the Philippines in the 1960s and 1970s and died in battle.
http://www.fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/documents/sword.htm
These were the traditional weapons used by Moro fighters against the Spanish, Americans, and Japanese, the Kris and the Bolo.
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