Medieval Afghanistan extended up to Sukkur of Sindh

[Braith]

Medieval Afghanistan extended up to Sukkur of Sindh

 

[wiseone2]

Medieval Afghanistan extended up to Sukkur of Sindh

define medieval

Herat was under the rule of Persian Shahs until 1700s

 

[Braith]

Afghanistan here means Roh or medieval Pakhtunkhwa................

 

[MadDog]

Afghanistan as a state never existed before 18th century, it was part of Persian empires.

 

[niaz]

Regret to state that it is completely the wrong title. The country we know as Afghanistan did not exist during the middle Ages.

The ‘Middle Age’ is about a thousand year period from end of the dark Age to the onset of the Renaissance. Since these are all approximate periods. This means middle Age is roughly from 6th or 7th Century AD up to about 15th or latest the 16th Century AD.

Region that is called Afghanistan is actually part of Khorasan of the old. During the Sassanid & early Islamic period all the area from Nishapur up to the Amu Darya was called Khorasan. Western most cities being Nisahpur & Mashhad and eastern most being Balkh. Northern most city was Merv and south extended down to the Makran coast. Sassanid province of Khorasan included Bukhara and parts of Sind as well.

Abu Muslim Khorasani who led the rebellion against the Umayyad dynasty was based at Merv (Today in Turkmenistan next to the town called Mary) this was certainly not “Afghanistan”.

The area was under the Abbasids until the 9th Century. Tahirids, the first independent Iranian kingdom since the Arab invasion, began in 821 AD. All subsequent dynasties such as Samanids, Ghaznavids, Suljuqis, Ghurids, Khwarizmis and the Mongols never called the region Afghanistan. Afghanistan came into being when Ahmed Shah Abdali, following the assassination of Nader Shan Afshar, assumed power in 1747 AD.

Based on the above it is clear that Medieval Afghanistan did not extend up to Sukkur & Sind. However it is beyond doubt that the Durrani Empire, established by the peerless Ahmed Shah, at its peak included all of present day Pakistan including Kashmir.

 

[Braith]

Regret to state that it is completely the wrong title. The country we know as Afghanistan did not exist during the middle Ages.

The ‘Middle Age’ is about a thousand year period from end of the dark Age to the onset of the Renaissance. Since these are all approximate periods. This means middle Age is roughly from 6th or 7th Century AD up to about 15th or latest the 16th Century AD.

Region that is called Afghanistan is actually part of Khorasan of the old. During the Sassanid & early Islamic period all the area from Nishapur up to the Amu Darya was called Khorasan. Western most cities being Nisahpur & Mashhad and eastern most being Balkh. Northern most city was Merv and south extended down to the Makran coast. Sassanid province of Khorasan included Bukhara and parts of Sind as well.

Abu Muslim Khorasani who led the rebellion against the Umayyad dynasty was based at Merv (Today in Turkmenistan next to the town called Mary) this was certainly not “Afghanistan”.

The area was under the Abbasids until the 9th Century. Tahirids, the first independent Iranian kingdom since the Arab invasion, began in 821 AD. All subsequent dynasties such as Samanids, Ghaznavids, Suljuqis, Ghurids, Khwarizmis and the Mongols never called the region Afghanistan. Afghanistan came into being when Ahmed Shah Abdali, following the assassination of Nader Shan Afshar, assumed power in 1747 AD.

Based on the above it is clear that Medieval Afghanistan did not extend up to Sukkur & Sind. However it is beyond doubt that the Durrani Empire, established by the peerless Ahmed Shah, at its peak included all of present day Pakistan including Kashmir.

Very Wikipedia-ish and weak grasp on history, also very derailed commentary as the article is not about Khurasan but the extent of Roh or Afghanistan in the direction of Sindh in early medieval period. Also you did google search and checked about definition of Middlle ages but that is of Europe , keep in mind that medieval period in Indian context is from 8th to 18th century.

Medieval Afghanistan or Roh was not part of medieval Khurasan. Kandahar was not of Khurasan, as attested by Babur who says that country of Kandahar lies between Khurasan and Hindustan. I am sure you dont know what the hell is "Roh".....read this article if you have any interest in the topic http://www.barmazid.com/2016/09/roh-medieval-afghanistan_7.html

The regions like "Roh" or Afghanistan, Khurasan", Turkestan" etc had never fixed boundaries as they were not states or kingdoms........the extent of Roh (medieval Afghanistan) changed with expansionism ,migration and expulsion of Pashtun tribes.......Pashtun belt was generally known by name of Afghanistan in central asia and India. ..... And for your kind information, the official name of Ahmad Shah Abdali's empire (and that of his successors) was not Afghanistan !. And he was not the first man to establish a native Afghan dynasty

 

[Braith]

Allama Habibi remarks

"We can say that the word Afghanistan is also not a strange word which came into being in the reign of Ahmad Shah Abdali. A trustworthy proof of this is Tarikh-e Herat authored by Saifi Herawi (circa 1342) who calls the western lands, as far as the Indus, by the name of Afghanistan. From this it is evident that when Herat was the capital of the Kurts, and after the passing of the period of polItical unity of the Ghaznavids and the Ghorids, when the country was being vanquished by the belligerent armies of Genghiz, Afghanistan was a customary name but not to the extent as in the period of Ahmad Shah Durani. " http://www.alamahabibi.com/English Articles/Afghan_and_Afghanistan.htm

From the following inscription of 1626 A.D , it is evident that the region by name of Afghanistan was referred to as such in Mughal India

 

[Braith]

The word Afghanistan existed before the reign of Ahmad Shah Abdali

 

[xyxmt]

Afghanistan always existed like it is existing now, barely

 

[Braith]

Afghanistan or Pakhtunkhwa has shrunk considerably in the direction of Sindh and Balochistan.......for example prince Dara Shikoh was betrayed by an Afghan/Pashtun chieftain of Dhadar from Panni tribe.....Dhadar is Bolan or Kachchi of Balochistan near Sindh and nowadays its population is not Afghan/Pashtun but Baloch-Brahui.......Afghans were expelled from this region in 18th century during the reign of Mir Nasir Khan I. Tombs and other monuments of Barozai Panni Afghans are still to be found in Bolan/Kachchi.




Tarikh-i-nama Herat , written in 1318 AD, mentions area 70 farsangs (280 km) south of Duki to be inhabited by Afghan tribes of Nahar and Kung....nowdays the entire area south of Duki is stronghold of Marri Balochs......

 

[Kabira]

You mean pashtuns lived up to Sukkur as majority? Hard to believe that considering lots of regions of KPK have been pashtunized in last few centuries. Also isn't Siwi in Balochistan?

 

[Braith]

You mean pashtuns lived up to Sukkur as majority? Hard to believe that considering lots of regions of KPK have been pashtunized in last few centuries. Also isn't Siwi in Balochistan?

No data about demographics of Sukker/Bhakkar of that period is available , but the two sources mentions Bhakkar fort to be in Afghanistan in mid 13th century.........Mastung (nowadays non-Pashtun district in Baluchistan) is mentioned to be capital of an Afghan ruler Malik Shanshah during 1250s in Tarikh-i-nama-Herat . Kurt-Mongol forces destroyed his principality. Its obvious that one point Afghans expanded considerably in the direction of nowadays Sindh and their settlements reached as far as river Indus in Bhakkar........then Afghans in the area appeared to have declined and we find Baloch settlements in the region between Siwi and Bhakkar, who migrated upward from Makran and gradually dispossessed Afghans from Mastung, Kalat, lower Sibi, Kohlu, Dera Bugti, Bolan etc

 

[Kabira]

No data about demographics of Sukker/Bhakkar of that period is available , but the two sources mentions Bhakkar fort to be in Afghanistan in mid 13th century.........Mastung (nowadays non-Pashtun district in Baluchistan) is mentioned to be capital of an Afghan ruler Malik Shanshah during 1250s in Tarikh-i-nama-Herat . Kurt-Mongol forces destroyed his principality. Its obvious that one point Afghans expanded considerably in the direction of nowadays Sindh and their settlements reached as far as river Indus in Bhakkar........then Afghans in the area appeared to have declined and we find Baloch settlements in the region between Siwi and Bhakkar, who migrated upward from Makran and gradually dispossessed Afghans from Mastung, Kalat, lower Sibi, Kohlu, Dera Bugti, Bolan etc

So where does Samma and Soomro dynasty of Sindh come in since they seem to have rulled Sukkur and all of Sindh in medieval era before Baloch tribes.

 

[Braith]

So where does Samma and Soomro dynasty of Sindh come in since they seem to have rulled Sukkur and all of Sindh in medieval era before Baloch tribes.

The upper Sindh, i.e Bhakkar, was always part of Multan province under Delhi sultanates..........and the Afghanistan , like Khurasan or Turkestan , is mentioned as a geographical term in these sources , not as independent state or kingdom (Tarikh-i-nama says that letters were sent to rulers of Afghanistan, meaning there were many Afghan cheiftancies or states within Afghanistan, the most powerful being centered around Mastung which had regular army of 5,000 soldiers).........Tarikh-i-nama says that Bhakkar was brought under Kurt dynasty of Herat in 1254 AD......i.e Mongol rule was extended as far as Indus river in 1254 AD as Malik Shamsuddin Kurt was doing expansion on behalf of his Mongol overlords.

The Nahar tribe of Afghans, is mentioned in Tarikh-i-nama-Herat. They have almost disappeared nowadays but once they were in possession of large tracts, including that of Sindh

"They (Nahars) once held all the hill country from near Nigaha or Sakhi sarwar pass to the south comprising the Southern parts of the Koh-i-Siyah or Suleiman range, where it trends to the west and is much mixed up with lower ranges of Koh-i-Surkh or red range. On their west and north they had Kansi Khitrans and the Mianas respectively. To the south they had the plains of Kachhi (Bolan) and Indus valley and in their east they had the tracts of Panjnad of Multan district and the hill tracts now in possession of Bozdar, Kasrani, Khosah, Leghari, Lashari, Bugti, and Mazari Balochs. At the height of their prosperity , the Nahars spread east and south into plains of Indus valley, and they are said to have once held the tracts around Harrand, Siwi, Sitpur and Kindko (Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West , Vol-1, p-139)

 

[Kabira]

The upper Sindh, i.e Bhakkar, was always part of Multan province under Delhi sultanates..........and the Afghanistan , like Khurasan or Turkestan , is mentioned as a geographical term in these sources , not as independent state or kingdom (Tarikh-i-nama says that letters were sent to rulers of Afghanistan, meaning there were many Afghan cheiftancies or states within Afghanistan, the most powerful being centered around Mastung which had regular army of 5,000 soldiers).........Tarikh-i-nama says that Bhakkar was brought under Kurt dynasty of Herat in 1254 AD......i.e Mongol rule was extended as far as Indus river in 1254 AD as Malik Shamsuddin Kurt was doing expansion on behalf of his Mongol overlords.

The Nahar tribe of Afghans, is mentioned in Tarikh-i-nama-Herat. They have almost disappeared nowadays but once they were in possession of large tracts, including that of Sindh

"They (Nahars) once held all the hill country from near Nigaha or Sakhi sarwar pass to the south comprising the Southern parts of the Koh-i-Siyah or Suleiman range, where it trends to the west and is much mixed up with lower ranges of Koh-i-Surkh or red range. On their west and north they had Kansi Khitrans and the Mianas respectively. To the south they had the plains of Kachhi (Bolan) and Indus valley and in their east they had the tracts of Panjnad of Multan district and the hill tracts now in possession of Bozdar, Kasrani, Khosah, Leghari, Lashari, Bugti, and Mazari Balochs. At the height of their prosperity , the Nahars spread east and south into plains of Indus valley, and they are said to have once held the tracts around Harrand, Siwi, Sitpur and Kindko (Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West , Vol-1, p-139)

Wasn't upper sindh or Bhakkar under Kalhoros and later on Talpurs till British times. I just don't see any mention of pashtun settlement there, people don't just disappear out of thin air.