GURU DUTT
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say what you want but india will make sure China never gets entry in SAARC weather you like it or not
India excludes Pakistan from a Saarc initiative
- Thread starter Theparadox
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AZ1
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lol some Indian paid Pakistani Analyst you must say? and you ended the answer in hoping as expected indian with future tense.India is spending less than half a billion dollars on Chabahar. While some of the Pakistani analyst proclaim that India has earmarked more than half a billion dollars to sabotage CPEC projects
So if Chabahar succeeds or Gawadar fails OR both fail or both succeed, Indian economy is least effected
Av8er
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Smoke some more of what you have already been smoking! You Indians wish and hope it does fails, but if dreams were horses you beggars would ride!
Imran Khan
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saarc ithout pakistan(the father )
Kyusuibu Honbu
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Of course it is useless when China begged to be part of it
https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140320/jsp/nation/story_18098656.jsp
India blocks China entry into Saarc
CHARU SUDAN KASTURI
New Delhi, March 19: India has blocked a fresh thrust by China to join the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, a grouping New Delhi dominates, arguing that the alliance first needs to clarify its objectives in strengthening ties with new partners.
The foreign ministry has communicated to all other member states of the Saarc —Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka — that it is uncomfortable with any expansion of the alliance at present, senior officials confirmed to The Telegraph.
The message to Saarc nations comes at a time Indian officials say China has increased aggressive lobbying with other member states to join the grouping as a full-fledged member.
China is already one of nine observer states — Australia, the US, the European Union, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Mauritius and Myanmar are the other observers. Observer states can collaborate with full members of Saarc on specific initiatives but do not have voting rights.
“We see absolutely no reason for the expansion of Saarc to include nations that do not directly share in the economy, culture and shared history of South Asia,” a senior official said.
South Asia’s growing strategic and economic importance has attracted efforts from key nations and alliances across the world to form partnerships with Saarc.
Already, this has led to a lopsided structure rare in the world of multilateral diplomacy — Saarc has more observers than actual full-fledged members. Indian officials accept that the grouping will need to be expanded at some stage.
But China’s hectic lobbying over the past few months with Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka has set off alarm bells in New Delhi. Though China has evinced interest in the past, this thrust, officials here said, has been more intense than ever before.
The introduction of China into the grouping would give these nations an option other than India, among major economies, to turn to for economic leadership within Saarc. But it would reduce India’s leverage within the grouping.
“Saarc needs to clarify its thinking on the nature and the direction of its relationships with partner states who have observer status,” external affairs minister Salman Khurshid told fellow foreign ministers at a Saarc meeting in Male recently.
“Some of the observer states have done commendable work with our association, but it is important that we define a clear set of policies and objectives for these relationships and their future direction, before we move further.”
But India’s move to stall progress on China’s hopes for full-fledged membership of Saarc also carries a cost, officials said.
Russia, one of India’s closest allies, and Turkey are keen to gain observer status with Saarc. But expanding observer states without increasing member nations will not be easy to justify given the grouping’s already lopsided structure, the officials said.
Get down on your knees and beg harder this time
Still better than the biggest country from India's East which is a blister on humanity
Thats what every pariah who doesn't get allowed into SAARC has to say.
Go cry a yantze
KapitaanAli
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Detailed Design
NKN is a hierarchical network divided into three basic layers - Core (Level 1), Distribution (Level 2), and Edge (User Level). Depending on the type of connectivity required by the user organization, geographical presence, and the location of Points of Presence (PoP) of NKN, (belonging to Core and Distribution), connectivity would be provided to the institutes. NKN backbone will typically have 18 Core PoPs and around 25 Distribution PoPs across the country.
Figure. 1
The NKN design uses a consortium of bandwidth providers for realising NKN since no single vendor has the geographical spread necessary for creating a pan India network and connecting underserved areas. The NKN backbone will be created by multiple bandwidth providers and the edges can be provided by any service provider, if the interface and feature set are in conformance with NKN design.
The Core PoPs will be connected as per the figure 2. Distribution PoPs can connect to different core PoPs using links from different National Long Distance service providers (NLDs), and form the NKN Backbone. Each of the Core PoPs will have last mile from a different NLD. This would ensure high availability at the PoP level. The proposed Core Backbone for NKN is shown in the figure 2. These PoPs shall be interconnected using multiple links from different NLDs to form a Mesh network. Besides, an additional design parameter that is considered is to keep the maximum number of hops between any two PoPs under 4-5.
Figure. 2
Over and above, it is also proposed that apart from using λs from existing NLDs, the four legacy Metros, namely, New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai & Kolkata will also be connected using Dark Optical Fibre. This would further boost the data transfer capacity by several orders of magnitude. Suitable equipments to handle and sustain these speeds would be provisioned at the respective PoPs.
In the next layer or level, Core PoPs will be connecting to distribution PoPs, which are basically in the State Capitals or cosmopolitan cities. Here, the distribution PoPs are also referred as PoP Level 2. The interconnected NKN with CORE and Distribution will logically appear as depicted in the figure below. Each of the distribution PoPs shall be connecting to Core PoPs using preferably more than one links from different NLDs. Each of the Core PoPs shall be providing connectivity to institutes in the respective region or city. Given the high speed nature of the network, NKN design suggests that the last mile connectivity – between NLDs and NKN PoP sites - would also be on a ring for ensuring no single point of failure at each of the PoP. It would be also ensured that there would not be sharing of connectivity media in any form between the different NLDs at each PoP.
Figure. 3
From the NKN PoPs, end user institutions are directly connected. These connections are referred to as Edge connectivity or the Last Mile. In large cities it may so happen that NKN will have multiple PoPs. When multiple PoP locations are there in the same city, design should be such that they are economically utilised from the point of view of end users, NLDs, and long distance link investment and management. For example, in a city with Dual PoPs, the interconnection between the NKN PoPs and the end users will be as shown in the figure. In such scenarios, institutes that can demonstrate the need for extremely high availability can be provided with the last mile from different NLDs to the two different NKN PoPs. Institutes in such cities with 1 Gbps bandwidth would be connecting using Optical Fiber Cable (OFC) with in-built protection by the NLD, and the remote end will be terminated on both the NKN PoPs; one of the NKN PoPs will act as the Primary or active link; in case of primary link failure, the secondary NKN PoP would become active. Both the NKN PoPs will also be connected using high capacity protected links. This would also be helpful in making User Site level redundancies in NKN.
Figure. 4
The end user institutions connecting to respective PoPs (Core or Distribution) will have the option to operate at speeds from 100 Mbps - 1 Gbps per connection. As far as possible, the last mile connection to the respective institute shall be on a Protected link. In other words, link protection would be built by the NLD itself for the institute. Multiple such links from the institute, with different bandwidths (1 Gbps or 100 Mbps) will also be possible.
While there are multiple ways by which one can achieve connectivity to various organisations/ institutes, NKN design chooses the best in terms of availability, technology, and future proofing. Interesting thing to note here however is that NKN does not stop with mere connectivity! NKN ensures that multiple choices are available to the users for running various services, because, it is the services that are to be run on the network that makes the difference. NKN takes ownership of delivering the packets end to end as per the requirements of the applications.
Figure. 5
NKN is a hierarchical network divided into three basic layers - Core (Level 1), Distribution (Level 2), and Edge (User Level). Depending on the type of connectivity required by the user organization, geographical presence, and the location of Points of Presence (PoP) of NKN, (belonging to Core and Distribution), connectivity would be provided to the institutes. NKN backbone will typically have 18 Core PoPs and around 25 Distribution PoPs across the country.
Figure. 1
The NKN design uses a consortium of bandwidth providers for realising NKN since no single vendor has the geographical spread necessary for creating a pan India network and connecting underserved areas. The NKN backbone will be created by multiple bandwidth providers and the edges can be provided by any service provider, if the interface and feature set are in conformance with NKN design.
The Core PoPs will be connected as per the figure 2. Distribution PoPs can connect to different core PoPs using links from different National Long Distance service providers (NLDs), and form the NKN Backbone. Each of the Core PoPs will have last mile from a different NLD. This would ensure high availability at the PoP level. The proposed Core Backbone for NKN is shown in the figure 2. These PoPs shall be interconnected using multiple links from different NLDs to form a Mesh network. Besides, an additional design parameter that is considered is to keep the maximum number of hops between any two PoPs under 4-5.
Figure. 2
Over and above, it is also proposed that apart from using λs from existing NLDs, the four legacy Metros, namely, New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai & Kolkata will also be connected using Dark Optical Fibre. This would further boost the data transfer capacity by several orders of magnitude. Suitable equipments to handle and sustain these speeds would be provisioned at the respective PoPs.
In the next layer or level, Core PoPs will be connecting to distribution PoPs, which are basically in the State Capitals or cosmopolitan cities. Here, the distribution PoPs are also referred as PoP Level 2. The interconnected NKN with CORE and Distribution will logically appear as depicted in the figure below. Each of the distribution PoPs shall be connecting to Core PoPs using preferably more than one links from different NLDs. Each of the Core PoPs shall be providing connectivity to institutes in the respective region or city. Given the high speed nature of the network, NKN design suggests that the last mile connectivity – between NLDs and NKN PoP sites - would also be on a ring for ensuring no single point of failure at each of the PoP. It would be also ensured that there would not be sharing of connectivity media in any form between the different NLDs at each PoP.
Figure. 3
From the NKN PoPs, end user institutions are directly connected. These connections are referred to as Edge connectivity or the Last Mile. In large cities it may so happen that NKN will have multiple PoPs. When multiple PoP locations are there in the same city, design should be such that they are economically utilised from the point of view of end users, NLDs, and long distance link investment and management. For example, in a city with Dual PoPs, the interconnection between the NKN PoPs and the end users will be as shown in the figure. In such scenarios, institutes that can demonstrate the need for extremely high availability can be provided with the last mile from different NLDs to the two different NKN PoPs. Institutes in such cities with 1 Gbps bandwidth would be connecting using Optical Fiber Cable (OFC) with in-built protection by the NLD, and the remote end will be terminated on both the NKN PoPs; one of the NKN PoPs will act as the Primary or active link; in case of primary link failure, the secondary NKN PoP would become active. Both the NKN PoPs will also be connected using high capacity protected links. This would also be helpful in making User Site level redundancies in NKN.
Figure. 4
The end user institutions connecting to respective PoPs (Core or Distribution) will have the option to operate at speeds from 100 Mbps - 1 Gbps per connection. As far as possible, the last mile connection to the respective institute shall be on a Protected link. In other words, link protection would be built by the NLD itself for the institute. Multiple such links from the institute, with different bandwidths (1 Gbps or 100 Mbps) will also be possible.
While there are multiple ways by which one can achieve connectivity to various organisations/ institutes, NKN design chooses the best in terms of availability, technology, and future proofing. Interesting thing to note here however is that NKN does not stop with mere connectivity! NKN ensures that multiple choices are available to the users for running various services, because, it is the services that are to be run on the network that makes the difference. NKN takes ownership of delivering the packets end to end as per the requirements of the applications.
Figure. 5
Kyusuibu Honbu
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Sour grapes
China begged before to be part of SAARC, but got rejected.
This post rejection whining to compensate delicate egos being shattered
Av8er
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Don’t you worry your little head about how Pakistan will deal with CPEC related loans.
KapitaanAli
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Features
NKN is designed as a Smart Ultra High Bandwidth network that seamlessly interconnects the leading Scientific and Technological institutions - which are pursuing world-class research and development. NKN design is inherently proactive; it takes into account the requirements that may occur in the near term and long term.
Some of the salient features of the NKN are:
NKN will also act as a test bed for research in the area of network, security and delivery models for various services. As NKN is a new initiative, it will leverage existing initiatives, to ensure faster roll out with modest investment.
Based on the design objective, geographical spread and the expected usage, the following technical features are envisaged for NKN:
NKN is designed as a Smart Ultra High Bandwidth network that seamlessly interconnects the leading Scientific and Technological institutions - which are pursuing world-class research and development. NKN design is inherently proactive; it takes into account the requirements that may occur in the near term and long term.
Some of the salient features of the NKN are:
- Establishing Connectivity for Knowledge and information sharing.
- Enabling Collaborative Research in emerging areas such as Climate Modelling.
- Facilitating distance education in specialized fields such as medicine, emerging high tech areas covering info-bio-nano technology.
- Facilitating an ultra high speed e-governance backbone for information sharing.
NKN will also act as a test bed for research in the area of network, security and delivery models for various services. As NKN is a new initiative, it will leverage existing initiatives, to ensure faster roll out with modest investment.
Based on the design objective, geographical spread and the expected usage, the following technical features are envisaged for NKN:
- NKN is a protocol independent network and is designed to carry multiprotocol traffic.
- NKN is capable of offering hierarchical Quality of Service (QoS) for real time traffic (voice and video) and guaranteed bandwidth for business critical applications. NKN governance backs it up by Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for the users.
- NKN design supports IPv6 transport, IPv6 networking and IPv6 MPLS VPN services in addition to the similar facilities based on traditional IPv4.
- NKN design, implementation, management, and control is such that service provisioning is internal to the NKN network and does not depend on telecom service providers from whom “raw” bandwidth or fiber is likely to be leased.
- NKN design supports Multicast enabled VPN for running Multicast applications, both in IPv4 and IPv6.
- NKN management is capable of handling provisioning for the central services such as Multimedia Conferencing, e-access, digital library, and central data centre to all users.
- NKN will provide access to secure data centre with Information Assurance.
Areesh
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Sour grapes
China begged before to be part of SAARC, but got rejected.
This post rejection whining to compensate delicate egos being shattered
Funny part is this tamil clown seriously thinks that a power like china would be sour grape for a useless organization like SAARC.
Check delusions of these bharatis. @Chinese-Dragon @AndrewJin
DarX
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NEW DELHI: India has excluded Pakistan from the list of Saarc member countries with which it will be connecting its state-of-theartNational Knowledge Network (NKN) for sharing scientific databases and remote access to advanced research facilities.
The government has kicked off the process of appointing a telecom company that will connect and extend the NKN to research and education networks in six South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation member states — Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Pakistan is the only Saarc nation that has been left out of this initiative.
India has for long suspended official talks with Pakistan due to continuing terrorist attacks launched by groups from across the border and chill in the relations is now evident in sphere of research cooperation too.
NKN is a multi-gigabit pan-India network which facilitates the development of India's communications infrastructure, stimulates research and creates next generation applications and services. It enables collaboration among researchers from different educational networks such as TEIN4, GARUDA, CERN and Internet2. It also enables sharing of scientific databases and remote access to advanced research facilities.
India has now decided to extend the NKN to the global research and education networks in Saarc nations.
NKN will be connected from Afghanistan to Delhi or Mumbai, from Bangladesh to Kolkata or Delhi, from Bhutan to Kolkata or Delhi, from Nepal to Kolkata or Delhi, from Maldives to Chennai or Mumbai and from Sri Lanka to Chennai or Mumbai. A state-of-the-art management centre and Network Operations Centre will also be set up to run the NKN network. The connection from Afghanistan, Maldives and Sri Lanka to India would be through a submarine cable for international connectivity.
With its multi-gigabit capability, NKN aims to connect all universities, research institutions, libraries, laboratories, healthcare and agricultural institutions across the country to address such paradigm shift. The leading mission oriented agencies in the fields of nuclear, space and defence research are also part of NKN. To strengthen research facility in various critical and emerging areas for NKN community, the network has established its international points of presence or PoP in Geneva, Amsterdam and Singapore, and plans to soon establish a PoP in New York too.
India excludes Pakistan from a Saarc initiative
Haha. It is NOT a SAARC initiative if it wasn't agreed at a SAARC summit. And no SAARC summit has been conducted since India went away crying.
Indians have made a habit of day dreaming.
Laozi
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Now the Father has other prioritiessaarc ithout pakistan(the father )
Kyusuibu Honbu
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I would be a clown if I was cheerleadering for some other nationFunny part is this tamil clown seriously thinks that a power like china would be sour grape for a useless organization like SAARC.
Check delusions of these bharatis. @Chinese-Dragon @AndrewJin
Areesh
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I would be a clown if I was cheerleader for some other nation
You being a bharati are a natural clown since you cheerlead for everyone.
It is all natural to you.
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