Baluchistan Tribal System
The social organization of the Balochis is based on blood kinship. Different groups of people mostly descend from a common ancestor. Members of each group share common interests and liabilities. This has made clan organization the basis of Baloch society. Every sub-clan (paro) represents a family, and a few sub-clans or paros together constitute a clan. Several clans grouped together make a tribe (tuman).
Although Khans of Kalat introduced and developed the institution of army but as regards the recruitment of army men, there was no specific critarion. Every able-bodied tribesman was supposed to take up arms in an emergency. Major Pottinger in a visit to court of the Khan of Kalan in 1810, seeing a register reported Baloch armed strength to be 250,000 men.
Baloch people are patriarchal in nature. They pay a deference successively to their elders or headman, of the household (paro), tent or of the village, of the clan and of the tribe. These chiefs are the main custodian of the Baloch society. They are the martial administrator as well as judicial head. They enjoy distinct superiority over their fellows and are never challanged in their unlimited powers.
In this perspective of the Baloch society a chiefless tribe, if any, occupied in the lowest position devoid of any honor, safety and protection. The social tie among the members of one tribe implies unconditional sincerity to the members of clan fellow. The chief of a paro (sub-clan or family) is usually its eldest member and is known as Wadera. The chief of a clan known as Muqaddam or Tukkri is either nominated by the sardar (tribal chief) or is elected by the Waderas. However, this mostly use to be a hereditary institution and election or nomination is made from amongst the descendants of the former Mugaddam or Tukkri.
The tribal chief or "Sardar" is always hereditary and is mostly the eldest son of a deceased Sardar. However, if the eldest son is undeserving or disliked, election amongst other sons or brothers of the deceased can be made. This election is made by Tukkries or Mugaddams. Once the election or nomination has been made it is unanimously accepted by all and for ever. It had been very rare that people have revolted against sovereignty of their chiefs.
The tribal system has given rise to the institution of Jirga. Jirga or its equivalents "Punchayat" of India or "Baradari" of India and Punjab had been an essential part of all primitive societies. In this ancient institution, elites gather together and dispose of the disputes of people in accordance with the prevailing customs, keeping in view, the seriousness of the crime and the respective faults of the parties. The decisions handed down by the Jirga (mostly Sardars) are fully respected by all members of the society and are fully enforceable.
Disputes with another tribe have always been a common feature of all tribal societies. The offence committed by an individual is considered to be committed by whole of the tribe and the affected one is not an individual but the whole tribe. It is responsibility of the Sardar or Tukkri to take revenge, on behalf of the tribe, even though the chief himself or his family members may not be directly affected.
The history of Balochistan is full of inter-tribal feuds, conflicts and disputes. Mostly tribal conflicts give rise to wars. The war between Mir Chakar of Rind tribe and Mir Gohram of Lashari tribe was also of the same nature. Raman, son of Gohram and Rehan, a nephew of Mir Chakar went to a horse race. As per decision of some Rind elders, Rehan was declared winner; Raman Lashari was not satisfied with the decision and thus attacked the horses of Gohar, a lady who had sought refuge with Mir Chakar Khan Rind. This attack was taken as an attack on Rind tribe and Lashari tribe was attacked in revenge. This led to wars extending for thirty.years and costing thousands of lives. In the recent past, Marri and Bugti tribes fought for twenty years, costing hundred and thirty lives. Similarly Bugti and Jakhrani tribes, in a feud of thirty years, lost two hundred lives.
The inter-tribal disputes have given rise to the institution of "Mairh" or "Marka". Usually these feuds continue for years till either one party is completely destroyed or the party at fault realizes and accepts its crime. If crime is accepted, tribal elites of the accused side go to the elites of the other party to settle the issue. The elites of the other side either forgive them or impose a reasonable fine. The sending of tribal elites to the other party to settle an issue is known as Mairh. The importance of the institution of Mairh can be realized from the fact that twenty years long Marri-Bugti war was settled just in three days.
People of Balochistan have resisted enforcement of criminal procedure code or police administration, just because they feel a sense of security in this apparently backward system of Jirga and Mairh. Even by the mid-1990s, out of an area of 134,000 square miles, police system was applicable only to 220 square miles while rest of the Balochistan was ruled under the old system.
Baluchistan Tribal System
Something much less potent than the shit you are on!
Much better than the "angreesi" medium you studied at..
i did and also saw the "smilies" you used .. not to forget the shit you posted in the previous thread .. Insulting me,my ethnic background and all other ethnicities of this country .. for no reason except butthurt..
Did I jump on your tail ? If not than why is me showig proud in my ethnic backgroud hurtin your feeling ...you orphan of history ? It's not our fault .
i dont smoke anything nor did i ever do
i study in Govt school .. is that make you happy ??
but at least i did take any sort of education , at least better than living under the tribal system no ?
previous thread was nothing but showing a mirror , and let me ask you a simple Question , if you belong to a Army background how come you are praising yourself as Baloch ?? why not being a Pakistani
well i would proudly accept to be orphan rather than born among st Animals ...
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Farrukhnagar City History-Importance-Origin-Architecture
History of Farrukhnagar: Farrukhnagar was ruled by Nawab Faujdar Khan, later Dalel Khan, of the Baloch dynasty before it was captured by the Mughals in the 17th century. It was ruled by the Mughal Emperor Farrukh Shah from 1732 A.D who made Nawab Faujdar Khan his Governor. In this reign Nawab Faujdar Khan built the Farrukhnagar fort and developed the town in an octagonal shape protecting it well from any foreign invasion. The successor of Faujdar Khan, Nawab Kamgar Khan ruled over the region until the Jat ruler of
Bharatpur, Suraj Mal defeated him in the battle and took over the place around 1757 A.D. After Suraj Mal’s death the area was regained by Nawab Musa Khan in 1763 A.D.
Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan (his successor) with the help of the neighboring regions like Rewari, Ballabhgarh and Jhajjar participated in the first war of independence in 1857.
They were defeated and the region was taken over by the British in 1858. Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan is however still remembered as a state hero and a freedom fighter. After independence, Farrukhnagar was declared as a separate municipality in 1967.
The town was once an important trading center for salt extracted from nearby saline wells. This salt was called Sultanpur Salt after Sultanpur, the most important salt-works of the region. Every year about 18,500 tons of salt was exported all over the world. As this trade was a great source of revenue to the government, the British officials levied a tax of Rs 2 per maund (one maund = 37 kg). This high tax resulted in the rise in the price of salt. The Sultanpur Salt became expensive comparatively and the sales fell down. Finally due to the downfall of the trade, production of salt was prohibited by the British in 1923 when the office of Salt Superintendent was closed.
Post independence Farrukhnagar became a part of the Haryana district and the economy and development of this region is more or less dependent on the close by NCR
Delhi.
Nawab Faujdar Khan of the Baloch dynasty (until 17th century)
Mughal Emperor Farrukh Shah (1732 – 1757)
Jat ruler Suraj Mal (1757 – 1763)
Nawab Musa Khan (1763 A.D – 1808)
Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan (1808 - 1858)
The British (1858 – 1947) are the rulers who ruled the kingdom.
Farrukhnagar town was once an important trading center for salt which was extracted from nearby saline wells. The place is also famous for its rich historical and architectural monuments.
Famous Personalities in Farrukhnagar:
Nawab Faujdar Khan, Emperor Farrukh Siyar, King Suraj Mal, Musa Khan, Rao Tula Ram, Raja Nahar Singh, Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan, Nawab Shah Dad Khan, Mughal Emperor Alamgir II, Bahadur Khan, Taj Mohammed Khan, Rukn ud-din in, Nawab Kamgar Khan, Rao Gujar Mal, etc.
http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Chapters/4054H-2.pdf
here is another good read
