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British empire killed 165 million Indians in 40 years: How colonialism inspired fascism

British empire killed 165 million Indians in 40 years:

How colonialism inspired fascism

A scholarly study found that British colonialism caused approximately 165 million deaths in India from 1880 to 1920, while stealing trillions of dollars of wealth. The global capitalist system was founded on European imperial genocides, which inspired Adolf Hitler and led to fascism.

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By
Ben Norton
Published
2022-12-12
British empire India 100 million deaths Churchill

British colonialism caused at least 100 million deaths in India in roughly 40 years, according to an academic study.
And during nearly 200 years of colonialism, the British empire stole at least $45 trillion in wealth from India, a prominent economist has calculated.
The genocidal crimes committed by European empires outside of their borders inspired Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, leading to the rise of fascist regimes that carried out similar genocidal crimes within their borders.

Economic anthropologist Jason Hickel and his co-author Dylan Sullivan published an article in the respected academic journal World Development titled “Capitalism and extreme poverty: A global analysis of real wages, human height, and mortality since the long 16th century.”
In the report, the scholars estimated that India suffered 165 million excess deaths due to British colonialism between 1880 and 1920.
“This figure is larger than the combined number of deaths from both World Wars, including the Nazi holocaust,” they noted.
They added, “Indian life expectancy did not reach the level of early modern England (35.8 years) until 1950, after decolonization.”
India 165 million deaths British colonialism

Hickel and Sullivan summarized their research in an article in Al Jazeera, titled “How British colonialism killed 100 million Indians in 40 years.”
They explained:
According to research by the economic historian Robert C Allen, extreme poverty in India increased under British rule, from 23 percent in 1810 to more than 50 percent in the mid-20th century. Real wages declined during the British colonial period, reaching a nadir in the 19th century, while famines became more frequent and more deadly. Far from benefitting the Indian people, colonialism was a human tragedy with few parallels in recorded history.
Experts agree that the period from 1880 to 1920 – the height of Britain’s imperial power – was particularly devastating for India. Comprehensive population censuses carried out by the colonial regime beginning in the 1880s reveal that the death rate increased considerably during this period, from 37.2 deaths per 1,000 people in the 1880s to 44.2 in the 1910s. Life expectancy declined from 26.7 years to 21.9 years.
In a recent paper in the journal World Development, we used census data to estimate the number of people killed by British imperial policies during these four brutal decades. Robust data on mortality rates in India only exists from the 1880s. If we use this as the baseline for “normal” mortality, we find that some 50 million excess deaths occurred under the aegis of British colonialism during the period from 1891 to 1920.
Fifty million deaths is a staggering figure, and yet this is a conservative estimate. Data on real wages indicates that by 1880, living standards in colonial India had already declined dramatically from their previous levels. Allen and other scholars argue that prior to colonialism, Indian living standards may have been “on a par with the developing parts of Western Europe.” We do not know for sure what India’s pre-colonial mortality rate was, but if we assume it was similar to that of England in the 16th and 17th centuries (27.18 deaths per 1,000 people), we find that 165 million excess deaths occurred in India during the period from 1881 to 1920.
While the precise number of deaths is sensitive to the assumptions we make about baseline mortality, it is clear that somewhere in the vicinity of 100 million people died prematurely at the height of British colonialism. This is among the largest policy-induced mortality crises in human history. It is larger than the combined number of deaths that occurred during all famines in the Soviet Union, Maoist China, North Korea, Pol Pot’s Cambodia, and Mengistu’s Ethiopia.


This staggering figure does not include the tens of millions more Indians who died in human-made famines that were caused by the British empire.
In the notorious Bengal famine in 1943, an estimated 3 million Indians starved to death, while the British government exported food and banned grain imports.
Academic studies by scientists found that the 1943 Bengal famine was not a result of natural causes; it was the product of the policies of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.


Churchill himself was a notorious racist who stated, “I hate Indians. They are a beastly people with a beastly religion.”
In the early 1930s, Churchill also admired Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and the Italian dictator who founded fascism, Benito Mussolini.
Churchill’s own scholarly supporters admitted that he “expressed admiration for Mussolini” and, “if forced to choose between Italian fascism and Italian communism, Churchill unhesitatingly would choose the former.”


Indian politician Shashi Tharoor, who served as an under-secretary general of the United Nations, has exhaustively documented the crimes of the British empire, particularly under Churchill.
Churchill has as much blood on his hands as Hitler does,” Tharoor stressed. He pointed to “the decisions that he [Churchill] personally signed off during the Bengal famine, when 4.3 million people died because of the decisions he took or endorsed.”
Award-winning Indian economist Utsa Patnaik has estimated that the British empire drained $45 trillion of wealth from the Indian subcontinent.


In a 2018 interview with the Indian news website Mint, she explained:
Between 1765 and 1938, the drain amounted to £9.2 trillion (equal to $45 trillion), taking India’s export surplus earnings as the measure, and compounding it at a 5% rate of interest. Indians were never credited with their own gold and forex earnings. Instead, the local producers here were ‘paid’ the rupee equivalent out of the budget—something you’d never find in any independent country. The ‘drain’ varied between 26-36% of the central government budget. It would obviously have made an enormous difference if India’s huge international earnings had been retained within the country. India would have been far more developed, with much better health and social welfare indicators. There was virtually no increase in per capita income between 1900 and 1946, even though India registered the second largest export surplus earnings in the world for three decades before 1929.
Since all the earnings were taken by Britain, such stagnation is not surprising. Ordinary people died like flies owing to under-nutrition and disease. It is shocking that Indian expectation of life at birth was just 22 years in 1911. The most telling index, however, is food grain availability. Because the purchasing power of ordinary Indians was being squeezed by high taxes, the per capita annual consumption of food grains went down from 200kg in 1900 to 157kg on the eve of World War II, and further plummeted to 137kg by 1946. No country in the world today, not even the least developed, is anywhere near the position India was in 1946.
Patnaik emphasized:
The modern capitalist world would not exist without colonialism and the drain. During Britain’s industrial transition, 1780 to 1820, the drain from Asia and the West Indies combined was about 6 percent of Britain’s GDP, nearly the same as its own savings rate. After the mid-19th century, Britain was running current account deficits with Continental Europe and North America, and at the same time, it was investing massively in these regions, which meant running capital account deficits too. The two deficits summed to large and rising balance of payments (BoP) deficits with these regions.
How was it possible for Britain to export so much capital—which went into building railways, roads and factories in the U.S. and continental Europe? Its BoP deficits with these regions were being settled by appropriating the financial gold and forex earned by the colonies, especially India. Every unusual expense like war was also put on the Indian budget, and whatever India was not able to meet through its annual exchange earnings was shown as its indebtedness, on which interest accumulated.
In this article:Britain, capitalism, colonialism, famine, fascism, genocide, India, Shashi Tharoor, UK, United Kingdom, Utsa Patnaik, Winston Churchill
 
Why are you crying a river for Brits killing Hindus but when Arabs and Afghans killed them it's seen as peaceful sufi led conversion who contributed to culture and progress with their palaces and harems and sex dungeons? :lol:
Because you dumbf*ck, they didnt only killed Hindus but Muslims too, in fact they favored the Hindus over the Muslims as they saw us a threat and Hindus more docile.
Jesus you’re stupid. I would slap the shit out of you hard that your fake Jesus and Anglo loving *** will revert back to Islam faster than you can say hallelujah.
 
Because you dumbfuck they didnt only killed Hindus but Muslims too, in fact they favored the Hindus over the Muslims as they saw us a threat and Hindus more docile.
Jesus you’re stupid. I would slap the shit out of you hard that your fake Jesus and Anglo loving *** will revert back to Islam faster than you can say hallelujah. And yes, I am that violent and physical.

Careful with your language you Iranian mullah simp, you are shia, you are not even regarded as Muslim.

Our people were not Muslim then so they killed our own. Have you been raised in the US? It looks you are Pakistani textbook educated. The level of mental gymnastics involved in this is unbelievable.

All I want is accountability across the board.
 
Careful with your language you Iranian mullah simp, you are shia, you are not even regarded as Muslim.

Our people were not Muslim then so they killed our own. Have you been raised in the US? It looks you are Pakistani textbook educated. The level of mental gymnastics involved in this is unbelievable.
Or wtf will you do? Sing me gospels about Paul and Peters virtues of a Roman diety they worship as a God?
Rather be an Iranian mullah than an Anglo loving coconut that simps for the most murderous group of people on the planet. Did you convert to get a visa to the UK?
 
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Khooni secular liberal degenerates...

Western American apologists aren't liberals or progressive at all. Ironically those people align themselves with right wing neo Nazi groups in the west more than progressive liberals.
 
Or wtf will you do? Sing me gospels about Paul and Peters virtues of a Roman diety they worship as a God?
Rather be an Iranian mullah than an Anglo loving coconut that simps for the most murderous group of people on the planet. Did you convert to get a visa to the UK?

It's very important as a national ideology we move away from religion being the key driver.

I have explained this in my other posts. Making a foreign religion the mainstay, the core ideology opens up to interference from hostile agencies. TTP is a classic example where Afghans used Islam to cultivate an anti state militancy and compromised the army. Same with Iran and shias, they ideologically lean towards Iran. Can they be trusted with our nuclear secrets if they hold office? No.

In order for Pakistan to take its final form and become impenetrable, it needs to separate religion from the state and the ideology is solely pakistaniat. That's not to say you can't practice whatever faith in the privacy of your own homes or places of worship, whatever floats your boat. But the ideology of the state must be secular, it must recognize its history, accept ALL of its history as its own, see all foreign invasions as negative regardless of who the invader was, reduce the space India has in claiming ownership of our history, become congruent with who and what we are.

Pakistan was taken over by the establishment in the 50s and its ideology warped when it went from a republic to an Islamic republic. Once again our development was retarded and a half a century long campaign of creating this breed of Pakistani that is overdosed on religion to the point it's literally their personality. Flirting with violent extremist ideology which brings into question the concept of Pakistan as a state, lack logic and reasoning and ultimately interference from hostile foreign agencies in the form of AQ, TTP, and countless other anti state militant groups which ended up costing 80k Pakistani lives, 20 years lost and counting, $100 billion loss, loss in trade, loss in key relationships and gave a clear road for India to steam ahead. This all could have been avoided had we stuck to Jinnah's original design.
 
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Or wtf will you do? Sing me gospels about Paul and Peters virtues of a Roman diety they worship as a God?
Rather be an Iranian mullah than an Anglo loving coconut that simps for the most murderous group of people on the planet. Did you convert to get a visa to the UK?
He’s a desi kemalist in Turkey. He probably sold his deen to some missionary there for visa. But dogs like him are always dogs. Meant to be used as tissue and thrown away. They’re expendable slaves. He has no side. Their miserable lives is sucking off whichever side has more power. Slaves like him lose in both their world and the next.
 
Who made you in charge of judging people's Imaan, you stupid f*ck?

By saying this, you have directly contradicted your own secularist ideals.

I avoided that bait. It was easy to take with him.

It doesn’t faze me when Kufars like him say his, and yeah he’s a full kufar based just off his comments. Either way, that’s the best they can come up with?

So far this is what I gathered about him:

He can’t read or write Urdu. He doesn’t speak it either as he asked on another post to help translate a news video.

He hates Muslims from the bottom of his heart.

He’s obsessed about the pagans that lived in Pakistan prior to Islam.

He think Western concept of Jesus is to be emulated and have said on multiple times that that Jesus is a good moral source.

He think the regions of Pakistan would’ve developed somehow developed monotheism on their own had Muslims not invaded.

I don’t think he’s Pakistani but others think that he is. That much Anglo *** kissing doesn’t seem to fit the picture, unless there’s a lot like him in the UK - Uncle Tom types.
 
That much Anglo *** kissing doesn’t seem to fit the picture, unless there’s a lot like him in the UK - Uncle Tom types.

In fact if I was to go on face value... the whole "menace" facade seems very contrived, artificial... If message matters than humility and common decency will dictate personal behavior... not alternative sources of theology! Which in his case is closer to hindu ideologies of
"sarv dharm sambhav"
truth doesn't matter, so stop seeking enlightenment... stick to your creed and that will lead you to moksha. But in his case, final judgement is not top of the agenda, optics are... however, than he pushes a Jesus narrative, who in fact wasn't native to Britain, and I don't know how he reconciles that...

In hierarchy of races he pits southern ones clearly below the northern ones... and his justifications and whataboutery on their reckoning...
without their consent, I'd say... but than he reconciles his existence in Britain that way... perhaps.

A classical example of self pity and esteem!
 
I avoided that bait. It was easy to take with him.

It doesn’t faze me when Kufars like him say his, and yeah he’s a full kufar based just off his comments. Either way, that’s the best they can come up with?

So far this is what I gathered about him:

He can’t read or write Urdu. He doesn’t speak it either as he asked on another post to help translate a news video.

He hates Muslims from the bottom of his heart.

He’s obsessed about the pagans that lived in Pakistan prior to Islam.

He think Western concept of Jesus is to be emulated and have said on multiple times that that Jesus is a good moral source.

He think the regions of Pakistan would’ve developed somehow developed monotheism on their own had Muslims not invaded.

I don’t think he’s Pakistani but others think that he is. That much Anglo *** kissing doesn’t seem to fit the picture, unless there’s a lot like him in the UK - Uncle Tom types.
Should be renamed Assliker2Whities
 
koh-i-noor diamond is actually cursed but only affects men not women now prince Charles is next king watch the curse unfold. i watch a detailed documentary history on how diamonds were stolen and smuggled out of india bringing bad omen upon families like disease and death. wach on bitchute

 
I avoided that bait. It was easy to take with him.

It doesn’t faze me when Kufars like him say his, and yeah he’s a full kufar based just off his comments. Either way, that’s the best they can come up with?

So far this is what I gathered about him:

He can’t read or write Urdu. He doesn’t speak it either as he asked on another post to help translate a news video.

He hates Muslims from the bottom of his heart.

He’s obsessed about the pagans that lived in Pakistan prior to Islam.

He think Western concept of Jesus is to be emulated and have said on multiple times that that Jesus is a good moral source.

He think the regions of Pakistan would’ve developed somehow developed monotheism on their own had Muslims not invaded.

I don’t think he’s Pakistani but others think that he is. That much Anglo *** kissing doesn’t seem to fit the picture, unless there’s a lot like him in the UK - Uncle Tom types.

It was a retort to your slurs. You are not regarded as Muslim, Shias are hunted in Pakistan. Go to Iran and you will be laughed at once they find out your ethnicity. Not sure what you look like but its always the kallas in Pakistan who are Shia. Might as well report for duty in Syria to be their cannon fodder.To be honest I don't really care what you practice, I just wanted to give you a taste of your own medicine.

I have been on this forum for a long time, I don't need to prove anything.

Yes Jesus is the best example, he existed before Islam and challenged the Jewish cabal. In your prophecies it is said he will return and not other notable figures so I would be careful of mockery because you might inadvertently end up on the wrong team even if you think you are not. But thats just my opinion and it all sounds like an avengers movie if you ask me so probably using his name for clout and validation. Wouldn't be the first time, Rome did the same.

Now back on topic, was British intervention in the subcontinent which led to the birth of Pakistan worth it? Absolutely. That alone has more value for us than Arab and Afghan rulers.Pakistan as a concept existed long before they arrived and we would have created a superior version of monotheism than them for sure. Or become purist Jesus followers like the gnostics, I could see that happening too and eventual integration into the state like americanism, call it pakistaniasm.
 
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@AlKardai I’m not gonna bother.

It was a retort to your slurs. You are not regarded as Muslim, Shias are hunted in Pakistan. Go to Iran and you will be laughed at once they find out your ethnicity. Not sure what you look like but its always the kallas in Pakistan who are Shia. Might as well report for duty in Syria to be their cannon fodder.To be honest I don't really care what you practice, I just wanted to give you a taste of your own medicine.
 
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