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ASh-12 - Russian heavy assault rifle created TsKIB COO for the needs of the Russian FSB special forces units. Produced at Izhmash, Tula.
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The ASh-12.7 is a dedicated "Close/Urban combat" weapon for high-risk law enforcement operations, which must combine high stopping power with limited penetration and short 'dangerous range', to avoid collateral damage to innocent bystanders or hostages. To achieve these goals, the designers of the ASh-12.7 assault rifle developed special large-caliber ammunition, loaded with a variety of bullets. Ammunition for ASh-12.7 is based on the 12.7×55mm straight-walled, rimless brass case, originally developed by the same organization for silenced VKS sniper rifle. Standard loading for ASh-12.7 is a lightweight, supersonic bullet with an aluminum core, exposed at the front and hollowed at the rear. It is partially enclosed into a bi-metal jacket. Bullet weight for STs-130 cartridge is 48,14-76,08 grams; muzzle velocity is 290–315 metres per second. It has several loadings with light, heavy and duplex load with two light bullets.[2]

This new Russian ".50-caliber" cartridge bears certain conceptual similarity to a family of big-bore cartridges, developed in the US for the AR-15 platform, such as .499 LWR or .50 Beowulf, although the Russian cartridge uses a longer case. STs-130[3] 12.7×55mm cartridge have bullet with weight - 48,14-76,08 gramm, while its US counterparts usually are loaded with bullets weighing 19 grams/300 grs and up.[2]

The ASh-12.7 assault rifle itself is of a bullpup layout, with stamped steel receiver and polymer housing/stock. It is believed to use a gas operated, rotary bolt action. Firing controls include two separate levers – fire mode selector (Semi/Auto) at the rear and ambidextrous safety (Safe/Fire) above the pistol grip. There are several configurations of the basic rifle. First one features integral carrying handle with built-in rear diopter sight and folding front sight. A length of the Picatinny rail is installed on the carrying handle to accept various optical sights. Another version that was observed on some photos features "flat top" configuration with Picatinny rail running atop of the receiver, and rear and front sights installed on folding bases. Other variations include either a Picatinny rail below the fore end or a 40mm underbarrel grenade launcher. Muzzle devices include a muzzle brake or quick-detachable silencer.[2]
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12.7x55 sleeve chuck (right) compared with cartridges .499 LWR, .50 Bushmaster and 7.62x39
12.7×55mm STs-130
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Although I personally like both the FM-FAL and the G3, (as well as the M14), I don't think any modern army really wishes to go back to something like a 7.62 x 51 weapon as their standard issue. The Israeli's got rid of their FAL's as fast as they could, for example and my country used both the M14 (US Marines) and M16 in Vietnam and I don't think many preferred the M14. It's all about volume of fire and rounds carried per soldier. AK systems are certainly durable, but the M16 family of weapons has proven to be reliable and very accurate.
 
This ASh-12.7 is quite interesting, hope they bring out a 7.62x39 variant... a poor man's bullpup rifle
 
Although I personally like both the FM-FAL and the G3, (as well as the M14), I don't think any modern army really wishes to go back to something like a 7.62 x 51 weapon as their standard issue. The Israeli's got rid of their FAL's as fast as they could, for example and my country used both the M14 (US Marines) and M16 in Vietnam and I don't think many preferred the M14. It's all about volume of fire and rounds carried per soldier. AK systems are certainly durable, but the M16 family of weapons has proven to be reliable and very accurate.
Turkish Army did. We just got a 7.62 x 51
 
This ASh-12.7 is quite interesting, hope they bring out a 7.62x39 variant... a poor man's bullpup rifle
ASh-12 is specially designed under the cartridge 12.7x55 STs-130.
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Very expensive ammo, so use only by elite units of special forces.
 
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HK G36 assault rifle (standard German army version with dual sight system) with 40mm AG36 underbarrel grenade launcher
Image: Heckler-Koch






HK G36 assault rifle with optional accessory kit which includes forearm with four Picatinny rails and a low-profile scope rail on the receiver
Image: Heckler-Koch






HK G36C 'Compact' or 'Commando' assault rifle, with optional Picatinny rails on forend
Image: Heckler-Koch






HK G36E rifle (Export version) with single 1.5X telescope sight and spare magazine clamped to the left side of the inserted one.
Image: Heckler-Koch






HK G36K "short" (Kurz) assault rifle, with buttstock folded; standard version with iron sights and Picatinny rail
Image: Heckler-Koch






HK G36KE short assault rifle, export version, with 'E' type telescope sight / carrying handle setup
Image: Heckler-Koch






G36G36KG36C
Caliber
5.56x45mm (.223 Rem)
Length (buttstock open / folded)998 / 758 mm860 / 615 mm720 / 500 mm
Barrel length480 mm320 mm228 mm
Weight empty3.6 kg (3.3 kg G36E)3.3 kg (3.0 kg G36KE)2.8 kg
Magazine capacity30 rounds standard
Rate of fire750 rounds per minute


The Heckler und Koch G-36 assault rifle had been born as HK-50 project in early 1990s. The reason behind that project was that the Bundeswehr (the German army), after the cancellation of the G11 and G41 projects, was left with outdated G3 rifle and no modern rifle, compatible with the current NATO standards at hands. Therefore the famous company Heckler & Koch was set to develop a new assault rifle for both German army and the export. The new 5.56mm assault rifle has been adopted by the Bundeswehr in the 1995, and in the 1999 the Spain adopted its slightly different, export version, G36E as its standard infantry rifle. The G36 also found its way into the hands of various law enforcement agencies worldwide, including British police and some US police departments. So far I've heard very few complaints about this rifle, and a lot of good revives and opinions. In fact, the only complaints about G36 that I know are the overheating of the handguards during the sustained fire, and the loose of zero of built in scope on some G36KE rifles, used by US police. Some German soldiers also complained about position of dual optical sights and those sights being easily fogged in bad weather (rain or snow). Otherwise it is a good rifle, accurate, reliable, simple in operations and maintenance, and available in a wide variety of versions - from the short-barreled Commando (some even said that it's a submachine gun) G36C and up to a standard G36 rifle. The MG36 squad automatic weapon (light machine gun), which was initially designed as a heavy-barreled version of the G36, was in fact a short-lived proposition that never went into mass production.

The G36, in severely modified form, was used as a "kinetic energy" part of the now-cancelled US XM-29 OICW weapon and it also served as a base for XM8assault rifle (also cancelled).

Technical description.
From the technical point of view, the G36 is a radical departure from all the previous HK rifles, based on the proven G3 roller-delayed system. The G36 is a conventional gas operated, selective fire rifle, made from most modern materials and using most modern technologies.

The receiver and most of the others external parts of the G36 are made from reinforced polymers, with steel inserts where appropriate. The operating system appears to be a modification of the older American Armalite AR-18 rifle, with short stroke gas piston, located above the barrel, square-shaped bolt carrier and the typical rotating bolt with 7 locking lugs. Of cause, there also are many differences from the AR-18. The bolt carrier rides on a single guide rod, with the return spring around it. The charging handle is attached to the top of the bolt carrier and can be rotated to the left or to the right. When not in use, the charging handle aligns itself with the axis of the weapon under the pressure of its own spring, and reciprocates with the bolt group at the top of the receiver. The gas block is fitted with the self-adjustable gas valve that expels all the used gases forward, away from the shooter. The ejection window is located at the right side of the receiver and features a spent cases deflector to propel the ejected cases away from the face of the left-handed shooter.

All the major parts are assembled on the receiver using the cross- pins, so rifle can be disassembled and reassembled back without any tools.

The typical HK trigger unit is assembled in a separate plastic housing, integral with the pistol grip and the triggerguard. Thanks to this feature, a wide variety of firing mode combinations can be used on any rifle, simply by installing the appropriate trigger unit. Standard options are single shots, full automatic fire, 2 or 3 round bursts in any reasonable combinations. The default version is the single shots + 2 rounds burst + full auto. The ambidextrous fire selector lever also serves as a safety switch.

G36 is fed from the proprietary 30-rounds box magazines, made from translucent plastic. All magazines have special studs on its sides, so two or three magazines can be clipped together for faster reloading. The magazine housings of the G36 are made as a separate parts, so G36 can be easily adjusted to the various magazine interfaces. By the standard, the magazine release catch is located just behind the magazine, in the G3 or AK-47 style, rather than on the side of the magazine housing (M16-style). A 100-round Beta-C dual drum magazines of US origins also can be used (these magazines are standard for the MG36 squad automatic versions of the G36).

The side-folding skeletonized buttstock is standard on all G36 rifles. It folds to the right side and does not interfere with rifle operation when folded.

The standard sighting equipment of the G36 consists of the TWO scopes - one 3.5X telescope sight below, with the second 1X red-dot sight above it. The sights are completely independent, with the former suitable for long range accurate shooting, and the latter suitable for the fast target acquisition at the short ranges. Both sights are built into the plastic carrying handle. The export versions of the G36 are available with the single 1.5X telescope sight, with the emergency open sights molded into the top of the carrying handle. The subcompact G36K Commando version is available with the integral Picatinny-type scope and accessory rail instead of the carrying handle and standard sights.

The standard G36 rifles can be fitted with the HK AG36 40mm underbarrel grenade launcher. It also can be fitted with the bayonets. Interestingly enough, G36 uses an AK-74-type bayonets, which are left from the now non-existent NVA (East Germany Army) stocks.
Modern Firearms - HK G36
 
Israeli Tavor beats all.

The indigenous and genius design, well-suited to Jewish state's requirement, and flexibility of Tavor is amazing.
 
First it was 5.56 but then they decided to go with the 7.62.

The pictures below show the MPT-76 being used. Deliveries to the army have begun.
Interesting. It kinda' looks like an M4 on steroids. Definitely a 7.62. I wonder if it is full auto capable or just three round burst. It's pretty hard to control a 7.62 on full auto.
 
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