WHEELING OUT THE GUNS
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Super Falcon
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The WS-1B Multiple Launch Rocket System has been developed by the China National Precision Machinery Corporation (CPMIEC), based in Beijing, China.
The WS-1B is a long range artillery rocket weapon and an advanced derivative of the WS-1 in service with the Army of the People's Republic of China. The system fills the gap in firing range between a conventional self propelled artillery system and a surface to surface tactical missile. The system is operated in a defensive or offensive role for deployment against targets deep behind enemy lines including military bases, massed armoured divisions, missile launch site, airports and airstrips, harbours and military industrial bases.
The rocket launcher system is mounted on a 6 x 6 flatbed truck on a turntable.
CPMIEC is developing a successor to the WS-1B, the WS-2, which will have a range extended to 350km and be armed with more accurate, guided rockets.
ARMAMENT
The WS-1 rocket reaches a maximum speed of Mach 3.6 and the maximum flight altitude is 30km, giving a minimum firing range of 20km to 30km and a maximum firing range of 80km with probability deviation of 1%. The WS-1 rocket, length 4.52m and diameter 0.302m, weighs 520kg with a 150kg warhead.
The WS-1B rocket with a new high performance rocket motor and warhead, reaches a maximum speed of Mach 5 and maximum flight altitude of 60km, giving a minimum firing range of 80km and a maximum firing range of 180km. The probability deviation is between 1% and 1.5%. The WS-1B rocket is longer than the WS-1, with length 6.182m but the same diameter. The take-off weight is 708kg with a 150kg warhead.
The free rocket consists of the warhead and fuse, an FG-43 rocket motor and the tail section. The FG-43 rocket motor is a single chamber, solid rocket motor with an advanced hydroxy-terminated polybutadine (HTPB) composition rocket propellant.
Two types of warhead can be fitted on the WS-IB rocket, a ZDB-2 blasting warhead or an SZB-1 submunition, which are selected according to the characteristics of the target.
The ZDB-2 blasting warhead is loaded with steel balls and prefabricated fragments. The SZB-1 submunition warhead provides an effective high power weapon against massed tanks. When the SZB-1 submunition warhead detonates, just under 500 bullets are expelled under high pressure.
GROUND EQUIPMENT
The ground equipment of the multiple rocket system comprises: a rocket launch truck, a transport and loading truck and a firing command truck. An army rocket battery is equipped with one DZ-88B firing command truck, six to nine HF-4 rocket launch trucks and between six and nine QY-88B transport and loading trucks. Each rocket launch truck is equipped with over 20 rounds of rockets.
COMMAND TRUCK
The DZ-88B Firing Command Truck is equipped with a radio communications and data transmission system; a firing and control computer and simulation trajectory system; a global positioning system; a gyro-theodolite directional system plus infrared ranging system; a field meteorological detection system; and a communication control unit.
LAUNCH TRUCK
The HF-4 rocket launch truck is available in a four launch tube or eight launch tube configuration. The launch tubes have an elevation range of 0 to 60 degrees with an elevation speed between 0.1° and 3° per second. The azimuth range is from -30° to +30° and the azimuthal adjustment speed is from 0.1° to 4° per second. The truck is equipped with four hydraulically operated stabilisers which are lowered in preparation for the rocket launch.
The WS-1B is a long range artillery rocket weapon and an advanced derivative of the WS-1 in service with the Army of the People's Republic of China. The system fills the gap in firing range between a conventional self propelled artillery system and a surface to surface tactical missile. The system is operated in a defensive or offensive role for deployment against targets deep behind enemy lines including military bases, massed armoured divisions, missile launch site, airports and airstrips, harbours and military industrial bases.
The rocket launcher system is mounted on a 6 x 6 flatbed truck on a turntable.
CPMIEC is developing a successor to the WS-1B, the WS-2, which will have a range extended to 350km and be armed with more accurate, guided rockets.
ARMAMENT
The WS-1 rocket reaches a maximum speed of Mach 3.6 and the maximum flight altitude is 30km, giving a minimum firing range of 20km to 30km and a maximum firing range of 80km with probability deviation of 1%. The WS-1 rocket, length 4.52m and diameter 0.302m, weighs 520kg with a 150kg warhead.
The WS-1B rocket with a new high performance rocket motor and warhead, reaches a maximum speed of Mach 5 and maximum flight altitude of 60km, giving a minimum firing range of 80km and a maximum firing range of 180km. The probability deviation is between 1% and 1.5%. The WS-1B rocket is longer than the WS-1, with length 6.182m but the same diameter. The take-off weight is 708kg with a 150kg warhead.
The free rocket consists of the warhead and fuse, an FG-43 rocket motor and the tail section. The FG-43 rocket motor is a single chamber, solid rocket motor with an advanced hydroxy-terminated polybutadine (HTPB) composition rocket propellant.
Two types of warhead can be fitted on the WS-IB rocket, a ZDB-2 blasting warhead or an SZB-1 submunition, which are selected according to the characteristics of the target.
The ZDB-2 blasting warhead is loaded with steel balls and prefabricated fragments. The SZB-1 submunition warhead provides an effective high power weapon against massed tanks. When the SZB-1 submunition warhead detonates, just under 500 bullets are expelled under high pressure.
GROUND EQUIPMENT
The ground equipment of the multiple rocket system comprises: a rocket launch truck, a transport and loading truck and a firing command truck. An army rocket battery is equipped with one DZ-88B firing command truck, six to nine HF-4 rocket launch trucks and between six and nine QY-88B transport and loading trucks. Each rocket launch truck is equipped with over 20 rounds of rockets.
COMMAND TRUCK
The DZ-88B Firing Command Truck is equipped with a radio communications and data transmission system; a firing and control computer and simulation trajectory system; a global positioning system; a gyro-theodolite directional system plus infrared ranging system; a field meteorological detection system; and a communication control unit.
LAUNCH TRUCK
The HF-4 rocket launch truck is available in a four launch tube or eight launch tube configuration. The launch tubes have an elevation range of 0 to 60 degrees with an elevation speed between 0.1° and 3° per second. The azimuth range is from -30° to +30° and the azimuthal adjustment speed is from 0.1° to 4° per second. The truck is equipped with four hydraulically operated stabilisers which are lowered in preparation for the rocket launch.
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The Uragan or Hurricane 9K57 is a 16-round 220mm multiple launch rocket system manufactured by the Splav State Research and Production Association, Tula, Russia. Splav also produce the Smerch, Grad and Prima MLRS.
The mission of the launcher is to defeat troops and combat materiel in concentrated areas and also to remotely lay anti-tank area denial mines in a combat zone at distances of 10km to 35km.
The system, which is in service with the Russian Army and has also been exported, has been battle proven. The Uragan has a reputation for high reliability, simplicity and speed of operation and maintenance and a short salvo time.
The Russian Army is upgrading Uragan MLRS systems with new navigation and targeting systems.
LAUNCHER
The launcher assembly is mounted on an 8x8 truck chassis. The launchers are arranged in two layers of six tubes with a layer of four tubes on the top. The launcher can rotate through 240°. In order to fire, four stabilising jacks on the chassis are used, one on either side of the vehicle and two at the back. The maximum rate of fire is two rounds per second. The launchers are lowered and rotated to one side for reloading. Another truck carrying 16 rockets for reloading is equipped with a reloading arm. A rammer is used to reload the launch tubes.
The 9K57 Uragan uses a range of rocket projectiles: the 9M27F rocket projectile fitted with the HE-Frag warhead, and the rocket projectiles 9M27K, 9M59, and 9M27K2.
9M27F ROCKET PROJECTILE
The 9M27F rocket projectile fitted with the HE-Frag (High Explosive Fragmentation) warhead is for defeating manpower and the destruction of airfield runways, crossings, command posts, depots and other installations. The 280kg rocket projectile, of length 4,832mm and calibre 220mm, carries an explosive charge of 51.7kg and is armed with a 100kg warhead.
9M59 ROCKET PROJECTILE
The 9M59 rocket projectile is equipped with a cluster warhead fitted with antitank mines and is for remote mine laying in front of enemy combat materiel units located in the battle zone and in concentrated areas. The 220mm calibre 9M59 is a 270kg rocket projectile of length 5,178mm, armed with an 89.5kg warhead. Each projectile carries nine mines. The salvo of one launch vehicle is capable of laying a mine dispersion area of 250ha.
ANTI-TANK MINES
The 5kg antitank mines destroy the armoured vehicles from below. The mines are armed with a proximity fuse and directional 1.85kg explosive charge with high armour-piercing ability. The mines have a self destruct time of 16 to 24 hours.
9M27K2 ROCKET PROJECTILES
The 9M27K2 rocket projectile has a 89.5kg cluster warhead fitted with 24 antitank mines and is for remote mine laying in front of enemy combat units on the battle front and in concentrated areas. The 220mm calibre 9M27K2 rocket has a weight of 270kg and length 5,178mm. One salvo of the launch vehicle creates a mine dispersion area of more than 150ha.
PTM-1 HE TANK DISABLING MINE
The PTM-1 HE tank-disabling pressure-action mine is designed to destroy tank tracks rather than to pierce the armour of the tank. The 1.5kg mines are armed with a 1.1 high explosive charge type PW-12S. The self-destruction time of the PTM--1 is 3 to 40 hours.
The mission of the launcher is to defeat troops and combat materiel in concentrated areas and also to remotely lay anti-tank area denial mines in a combat zone at distances of 10km to 35km.
The system, which is in service with the Russian Army and has also been exported, has been battle proven. The Uragan has a reputation for high reliability, simplicity and speed of operation and maintenance and a short salvo time.
The Russian Army is upgrading Uragan MLRS systems with new navigation and targeting systems.
LAUNCHER
The launcher assembly is mounted on an 8x8 truck chassis. The launchers are arranged in two layers of six tubes with a layer of four tubes on the top. The launcher can rotate through 240°. In order to fire, four stabilising jacks on the chassis are used, one on either side of the vehicle and two at the back. The maximum rate of fire is two rounds per second. The launchers are lowered and rotated to one side for reloading. Another truck carrying 16 rockets for reloading is equipped with a reloading arm. A rammer is used to reload the launch tubes.
The 9K57 Uragan uses a range of rocket projectiles: the 9M27F rocket projectile fitted with the HE-Frag warhead, and the rocket projectiles 9M27K, 9M59, and 9M27K2.
9M27F ROCKET PROJECTILE
The 9M27F rocket projectile fitted with the HE-Frag (High Explosive Fragmentation) warhead is for defeating manpower and the destruction of airfield runways, crossings, command posts, depots and other installations. The 280kg rocket projectile, of length 4,832mm and calibre 220mm, carries an explosive charge of 51.7kg and is armed with a 100kg warhead.
9M59 ROCKET PROJECTILE
The 9M59 rocket projectile is equipped with a cluster warhead fitted with antitank mines and is for remote mine laying in front of enemy combat materiel units located in the battle zone and in concentrated areas. The 220mm calibre 9M59 is a 270kg rocket projectile of length 5,178mm, armed with an 89.5kg warhead. Each projectile carries nine mines. The salvo of one launch vehicle is capable of laying a mine dispersion area of 250ha.
ANTI-TANK MINES
The 5kg antitank mines destroy the armoured vehicles from below. The mines are armed with a proximity fuse and directional 1.85kg explosive charge with high armour-piercing ability. The mines have a self destruct time of 16 to 24 hours.
9M27K2 ROCKET PROJECTILES
The 9M27K2 rocket projectile has a 89.5kg cluster warhead fitted with 24 antitank mines and is for remote mine laying in front of enemy combat units on the battle front and in concentrated areas. The 220mm calibre 9M27K2 rocket has a weight of 270kg and length 5,178mm. One salvo of the launch vehicle creates a mine dispersion area of more than 150ha.
PTM-1 HE TANK DISABLING MINE
The PTM-1 HE tank-disabling pressure-action mine is designed to destroy tank tracks rather than to pierce the armour of the tank. The 1.5kg mines are armed with a 1.1 high explosive charge type PW-12S. The self-destruction time of the PTM--1 is 3 to 40 hours.
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The PzH 2000 (Panzerhaubitze 2000) is the 155mm self-propelled howitzer developed by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) together with the main subcontractor Rheinmetall Landsysteme for the German Army.
"The PzH 2000 is the 155mm self-propelled howitzer developed by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann."KMW received a contract in 1996 for production of 185 units. The first system was delivered in July 1998 and deliveries for this batch are complete. Rheinmetall (formerly MaK) delivers the complete chassis for all series vehicles.
Total German Army requirement has been reduced from around 450 units to 260. PzH 2000 has also been selected by the Italian, Dutch and Greek Armies. The Greek Army has 24 systems, delivered between July 2003 and June 2004.
A German / Italian co-production programme with Consorzio Iveco-Oto Melara is providing the 70 units for the Italian Army. KMW delivered two units in 2002. First deliveries of the remaining 68 from Consorzio Iveco-Oto Melara took place in May 2007 and the system entered service with the Italian Army in June 2007. Final deliveries are scheduled for 2009.
The Dutch army signed a contract for the procurement of for 57 units, later reduced to 39 units and deliveries are underway. The surplus 18 units (not yet built) were offered to the Australian Army but were declined.
In September 2006, the PZH 2000 completed its first live-fire combat mission with the Dutch Army in Afghanistan, as part of Operation Medusa. In operations against the Taliban, three PZH 2000 provided fire support at a range of more than 30km.
In May 2001, during test firings for the Hellenic Army, the PzH 2000 fired 20 rounds all to ranges exceeding 40km (41.8km maximum). The ranges were achieved using M2000BB Assegai shells from Naschem / Denel of South Africa, in combination with the Rheinmetall DM 72 modular charge system. In November 2002, in live firings in Sweden, a similar range was achieved with Rheinmetall's new long-range RH 40 BB ammunition, also fired with the modular charge system.
A PzH 2000 howitzer turret has been mounted on the deck of German Navy F124 frigate, Hamburg, as a demonstration of the feasibility of the system for naval applications. The concept is called MONARC and requires a flexible elastic mounting.
ARMAMENT
The electrical gun control system, supplied by ESW Extel Systems Wedel, comprises the automatic elevating and traversing drives with semi-automatic back-up, direct laying with electrical instrument control and manual control.
The 155mm L52 gun of the PzH 2000 was developed by Rheinmetall DeTec. The barrel length is 52 calibre and chamber volume is 23l. The gun has a chromium-plated barrel and semi-automatic lifting breech block with integrated 32-round standard primer magazine.
"The PzH 2000 is equipped with a fully automatic shell loading system with ammunition management system."Gun parameters such as chamber temperature are monitored automatically. The PzH 2000 is equipped with a fully automatic shell loading system with ammunition management system.
The chromium-plated barrel is 8m long and is fitted with a slotted muzzle brake which gives increased muzzle velocity and reduces the level of muzzle flash. The wedge type breech block is integrated with an exchangeable primer magazine fitted with an endless conveyer for automatic primer transportation, loading and unloading.
Rheinmetall DeTec has also developed a six-zone modular propelling charge system (MTLS), the DM72, which provides for faster handling, less wear on the gun, lower sensitivity to ignition hazards and improved range. In the PzH 2000, up to six MTLS modules form the propelling charge. The maximum range of the L52 gun using the maximum MTLS charges is 30km with the standard L15A2 round and up to 40km with assisted projectiles.
The gun positioning and laying system is produced by Honeywell Maintal and mounted on the gun cradle. The system automatically determines gun direction, position and elevation above sea level. The integrated Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and the vehicle's motor sensors form the hybrid navigation system of the PzH 2000.
AUTOMATIC SHELL LOADING SYSTEM
The PzH 2000 automatic shell loading system can handle 60 rounds of 155mm ammunition. The shells are picked up from the back of the vehicle and automatically stowed in the 60-round magazine in the centre of the chassis.
The shell loading system is driven by brushless electric servo motors supplied by MOOG. The automatic shell loading system has pneumatically driven flick rammer and automatic digital control, ammunition supply management and inductive fuze setting.
This provides rates of fire of three rounds in under ten seconds and loading of 60 shells by two operators within 12 minutes, including the collation of ammunition data.
The firing rate of the PzH 2000 was 12 rounds in 59.74 seconds, and 20 rounds in one minute 47 seconds, during firing tests in October 1997 with an improved autoloader. The muzzle velocity is determined automatically by means of a radar sensor and is used in the fire control computation.
FIRE CONTROL AND OBSERVATION
The PzH 2000 can use an automatic mode of operation including the data radio link with an external command and control system. The autonomous fire control functions are controlled by an on-board MICMOS computer supplied by EADS (formerly DaimlerChrysler Aerospace). Using the automatic mode, target engagements can be carried out by a crew of two. Using the fire control data provided by the ballistics computer, the gun is automatically laid and relayed during the mission.
"In September 2006, the
PZH 2000 completed its first live-fire combat mission with the Dutch Army in Afghanistan."Various backup modes are available which guarrantee system sustainability in case of a component failure. As the lowest backup mode, an optical mechanical backup sytem is available.
The commander has a Leica PERI-RTNL 80 panoramic periscope, which is used in under-armour operations and for target designation in direct laying engagements. PERI-RTNL 80 has day and night vision channels and a laser rangefinder. The gunner is equipped with a Leica PzF TN 80 day and night direct fire sight for direct laying of the gun.
PROPULSION
The 736kW powerpack of the PzH 2000 is mounted at the front of the hull and consists of an eight-cylinder direct-injection, supercharged MTU MT881 Ka-500 diesel engine with a four-speed Renk HSWL 284 C gearbox. Three fuel tanks provide a 420km cruise range.
"The PzH 2000 is the 155mm self-propelled howitzer developed by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann."KMW received a contract in 1996 for production of 185 units. The first system was delivered in July 1998 and deliveries for this batch are complete. Rheinmetall (formerly MaK) delivers the complete chassis for all series vehicles.
Total German Army requirement has been reduced from around 450 units to 260. PzH 2000 has also been selected by the Italian, Dutch and Greek Armies. The Greek Army has 24 systems, delivered between July 2003 and June 2004.
A German / Italian co-production programme with Consorzio Iveco-Oto Melara is providing the 70 units for the Italian Army. KMW delivered two units in 2002. First deliveries of the remaining 68 from Consorzio Iveco-Oto Melara took place in May 2007 and the system entered service with the Italian Army in June 2007. Final deliveries are scheduled for 2009.
The Dutch army signed a contract for the procurement of for 57 units, later reduced to 39 units and deliveries are underway. The surplus 18 units (not yet built) were offered to the Australian Army but were declined.
In September 2006, the PZH 2000 completed its first live-fire combat mission with the Dutch Army in Afghanistan, as part of Operation Medusa. In operations against the Taliban, three PZH 2000 provided fire support at a range of more than 30km.
In May 2001, during test firings for the Hellenic Army, the PzH 2000 fired 20 rounds all to ranges exceeding 40km (41.8km maximum). The ranges were achieved using M2000BB Assegai shells from Naschem / Denel of South Africa, in combination with the Rheinmetall DM 72 modular charge system. In November 2002, in live firings in Sweden, a similar range was achieved with Rheinmetall's new long-range RH 40 BB ammunition, also fired with the modular charge system.
A PzH 2000 howitzer turret has been mounted on the deck of German Navy F124 frigate, Hamburg, as a demonstration of the feasibility of the system for naval applications. The concept is called MONARC and requires a flexible elastic mounting.
ARMAMENT
The electrical gun control system, supplied by ESW Extel Systems Wedel, comprises the automatic elevating and traversing drives with semi-automatic back-up, direct laying with electrical instrument control and manual control.
The 155mm L52 gun of the PzH 2000 was developed by Rheinmetall DeTec. The barrel length is 52 calibre and chamber volume is 23l. The gun has a chromium-plated barrel and semi-automatic lifting breech block with integrated 32-round standard primer magazine.
"The PzH 2000 is equipped with a fully automatic shell loading system with ammunition management system."Gun parameters such as chamber temperature are monitored automatically. The PzH 2000 is equipped with a fully automatic shell loading system with ammunition management system.
The chromium-plated barrel is 8m long and is fitted with a slotted muzzle brake which gives increased muzzle velocity and reduces the level of muzzle flash. The wedge type breech block is integrated with an exchangeable primer magazine fitted with an endless conveyer for automatic primer transportation, loading and unloading.
Rheinmetall DeTec has also developed a six-zone modular propelling charge system (MTLS), the DM72, which provides for faster handling, less wear on the gun, lower sensitivity to ignition hazards and improved range. In the PzH 2000, up to six MTLS modules form the propelling charge. The maximum range of the L52 gun using the maximum MTLS charges is 30km with the standard L15A2 round and up to 40km with assisted projectiles.
The gun positioning and laying system is produced by Honeywell Maintal and mounted on the gun cradle. The system automatically determines gun direction, position and elevation above sea level. The integrated Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and the vehicle's motor sensors form the hybrid navigation system of the PzH 2000.
AUTOMATIC SHELL LOADING SYSTEM
The PzH 2000 automatic shell loading system can handle 60 rounds of 155mm ammunition. The shells are picked up from the back of the vehicle and automatically stowed in the 60-round magazine in the centre of the chassis.
The shell loading system is driven by brushless electric servo motors supplied by MOOG. The automatic shell loading system has pneumatically driven flick rammer and automatic digital control, ammunition supply management and inductive fuze setting.
This provides rates of fire of three rounds in under ten seconds and loading of 60 shells by two operators within 12 minutes, including the collation of ammunition data.
The firing rate of the PzH 2000 was 12 rounds in 59.74 seconds, and 20 rounds in one minute 47 seconds, during firing tests in October 1997 with an improved autoloader. The muzzle velocity is determined automatically by means of a radar sensor and is used in the fire control computation.
FIRE CONTROL AND OBSERVATION
The PzH 2000 can use an automatic mode of operation including the data radio link with an external command and control system. The autonomous fire control functions are controlled by an on-board MICMOS computer supplied by EADS (formerly DaimlerChrysler Aerospace). Using the automatic mode, target engagements can be carried out by a crew of two. Using the fire control data provided by the ballistics computer, the gun is automatically laid and relayed during the mission.
"In September 2006, the
PZH 2000 completed its first live-fire combat mission with the Dutch Army in Afghanistan."Various backup modes are available which guarrantee system sustainability in case of a component failure. As the lowest backup mode, an optical mechanical backup sytem is available.
The commander has a Leica PERI-RTNL 80 panoramic periscope, which is used in under-armour operations and for target designation in direct laying engagements. PERI-RTNL 80 has day and night vision channels and a laser rangefinder. The gunner is equipped with a Leica PzF TN 80 day and night direct fire sight for direct laying of the gun.
PROPULSION
The 736kW powerpack of the PzH 2000 is mounted at the front of the hull and consists of an eight-cylinder direct-injection, supercharged MTU MT881 Ka-500 diesel engine with a four-speed Renk HSWL 284 C gearbox. Three fuel tanks provide a 420km cruise range.
Super Falcon
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The High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) is the newest member of the multiple launch rocket System (MLRS) family. HIMARS is a highly-mobile artillery rocket system offering the firepower of MLRS on a wheeled chassis. HIMARS was developed by Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control under an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) programme, placed in 1996.
In January 2000, Lockheed Martin was awarded an EMD (engineering and manufacturing development) contract to provide six HIMARS launchers. A further two HIMARS launchers were ordered under a two-year user evaluation programme for the US Marines Corps.
"HIMARS is able to launch its weapons and move away at high speed."In March 2003, the US Army and Marine Corps signed a contract for the low-rate initial production (LRIP) of 89 launchers for the Army and four for the USMC. A second LRIP contract was awarded in January 2004 for 25 launchers for the army and one for the USMC. A third was awarded in January 2005 for 37 launchers for the Army and one for the USMC. A total procurement of 900 launchers is planned.
In November 2004, HIMARS successfully completed initial operational test & evaluation (IOT&E). Three prototype HIMARS launchers were successfully used in combat during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
HIMARS entered service in June 2005 with the 27th Field Artillery, 18th Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The first full-rate production contract was awarded in December 2005. HIMARS is also in service with 1st Battalion, 181st Field Artillery Tennessee National Guard, 158th Field Artillery Oklahoma National Guard (both since 2006) and 5th battalion, 3rd Field Artillery, Fort Lewis (since November 2007).
The first US Marine Corps battalion equipped with HIMARS, 2nd Battalion, 14th Marine Regiment, was deployed to Iraq in July 2007.
In September 2006, the United Arab Emirates requested the Foreign Military Sale (FMS) of 20 HIMARS launchers plus munitions including 101 ATACMS block 1A, 101 ATACMS block 1A Unitary, 104 MLRS, 130 GMLRS and 130 GMLRS Unitary rocket pods.
In January 2007, Lockheed Martin was awarded a further contract for 44 HIMARS systems for the US Army and 16 for the USMC, for delivery by 2009.
In September 2007, the US Congress was notified of the proposed sale to Singapore of 18 HIMARS launchers plus 32 Unitary GMLRS pods and 30 MLRS practice rocket pods.
"The HIMARS artillery rocket launcher can aim at a target in just 16 seconds."The purpose of HIMARS is to engage and defeat artillery, air defence concentrations, trucks, light armour and personnel carriers, as well as support troop and supply concentrations. HIMARS is able to launch its weapons and move away from the area at high speed before enemy forces are able to locate the launch site.
HIMARS fire control
HIMARS retains the same self-loading and autonomous features installed on the MLRS. The improved launcher mechanical system (ILMS) upgrade and electronics of the improved fire control system (IFCS), which upgraded MLRS M270 launchers are also fitted to HIMARS vehicles.
Lockheed Martins universal fire control system (UFCS), a further evolutionary upgrade of the fire control system, has completed development and qualification and from mid 2008 is being fitted to full-rate production HIMARS. Successful HIMARS test firings of the ATACMS missile (in March 2008) and GMLRS rockets (in May 2008) took place using the new GPS-guided UFCS.
HIMARS is operated by a crew of three - driver, gunner and section chief - but the computer-based fire control system enables a crew of two or even a single soldier to load and unload the system. The fire control system includes video, keyboard control, a gigabyte of programme storage and global positioning system. The fire control computer allows firing missions to be carried out in automatic or manual mode.
In a typical mission, a command and control post would transmit the selected target data via a secure data link to the HIMARS on-board launch computer. The computer then aims the launcher and provides prompt signals to the crew to arm and fire a pre-selected number of rounds. The launcher can aim at a target in just 16 seconds. It is possible for the crew to select preprogrammed multiple mission sequences which have been stored in the computer.
High mobility artillery rocket system munitions
In addition to the standard MLRS round, HIMARS is capable of launching the entire MLRS family of munitions, including the extended-range rocket, the reduced-range practice rocket and all future variants. HIMARS carries a single six-pack of MLRS rockets, or one army tactical missile system (ATACMS) missile.
"HIMARS has successfully test fired the new extended range guided rocket GMLRS, with a range of more than 70km."The extended-range MLRS rocket (ER-MLRS) improves the basic M26 range of 32km to more than 45km and the area of influence by 107%.
The extension of the rocket motor has resulted in a reduction in the payload to 518 M85 grenades, but the dispersion of the grenades is improved for better effectiveness with fewer grenades.
In April 2004, HIMARS successfully test fired the new extended range guided rocket GMLRS, with a range of more than 70km.
The Lockheed Martin GMLRS rocket has a GPS (global positioning system) and inertial guidance package and small canards on the rocket nose to enhance accuracy. GMLRS completed System Development and Demonstration (SDD) tests in December 2002 and entered low-rate initial production in April 2003.
Initial operating capability (IOC) was achieved in 2006, but the system has been operationally deployed since September 2005 in Iraq. The GMLRS is an international programme involving UK, Italy, France and Germany as well as the US. The industrial team includes Diehl, MBDA and FiatAvio.
First deliveries of a unitary variant of GMLRS, with a single 81.6kg (180lb) warhead, developed by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems, and a range of up to 70km were in May 2005. In October 2003, Lockheed Martin was awarded an SDD contract for 86 unitary variant rockets, delivered in June 2005. In June 2007, GMLRS Unitary entered low-rate initial production (LRIP).
Army tactical missile system (ATACMS)
HIMARS is capable of firing the long-range ATACMS (army tactical missile system) guided missile. The ATACMS family includes the Block 1, Block 1A and Block 1A Unitary missiles. The block 1 missile delivers 950 anti-personnel anti-material (AP/AM) baseball-sized M74 submunitions to ranges exceeding 165km.
The block 1A missile range exceeds 300km by reducing the submunition payload to 300 bomblets and adding GPS guidance. The Block 1A unitary missile, with a single-burst warhead, was first deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March / April 2003.
"HIMARS is capable of launching the entire MLRS family of munitions, including the extended-range rocket."The program to develop the Block II missile, with GPS and 13 BAT (brilliant anti-tank) submissiles, and Block IIA missile, with six improved BAT submissiles, was cancelled in February 2003.
Vehicle
HIMARS carries a single six-pack of rockets on the army's family of medium tactical vehicles (FMTV) 6x6 all-wheel drive 5t truck supplied by Armor Holdings Tactical Vehicle Systems Division (formerly Stewart and Stevenson), Texas. The HIMARS vehicle weighs approximately 24,000lb compared to more than 44,000lb for the MLRS M270 launcher.
HIMARS is transportable on the C-130 aircraft, allowing the system to be moved into areas previously inaccessible to the larger C-141 and C-5 aircraft required for the M270 launch vehicle.
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The High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) firing ATACMS missiles.
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HIMARS entered service with the 27th Field Artillery, 18th Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, in June 2005.
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HIMARS carries a single six-pack of rockets on the Army's Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) 6x6 all-wheel drive 5t truck by Armor Holdings (formerly Stewart and Stevenson).
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The HIMARS vehicle weighs 24,000lb, half as much as the MLRS.
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HIMARS can fire the range of MLRS rockets including the new GPS-guided extended range GMLRS.
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The Improved Fire Control System (IFCS) upgrade for MLRS launchers will be standard equipment on production HIMARS vehicles.
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HIMARS is a highly-mobile artillery rocket system offering the firepower of MLRS on a wheeled chassis.
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HIMARS being fired.
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HIMARS fires entire suite of MLRS munitions from RRPR to 300km ATACMS.
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In January 2000, Lockheed Martin was awarded an EMD (engineering and manufacturing development) contract to provide six HIMARS launchers. A further two HIMARS launchers were ordered under a two-year user evaluation programme for the US Marines Corps.
"HIMARS is able to launch its weapons and move away at high speed."In March 2003, the US Army and Marine Corps signed a contract for the low-rate initial production (LRIP) of 89 launchers for the Army and four for the USMC. A second LRIP contract was awarded in January 2004 for 25 launchers for the army and one for the USMC. A third was awarded in January 2005 for 37 launchers for the Army and one for the USMC. A total procurement of 900 launchers is planned.
In November 2004, HIMARS successfully completed initial operational test & evaluation (IOT&E). Three prototype HIMARS launchers were successfully used in combat during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
HIMARS entered service in June 2005 with the 27th Field Artillery, 18th Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The first full-rate production contract was awarded in December 2005. HIMARS is also in service with 1st Battalion, 181st Field Artillery Tennessee National Guard, 158th Field Artillery Oklahoma National Guard (both since 2006) and 5th battalion, 3rd Field Artillery, Fort Lewis (since November 2007).
The first US Marine Corps battalion equipped with HIMARS, 2nd Battalion, 14th Marine Regiment, was deployed to Iraq in July 2007.
In September 2006, the United Arab Emirates requested the Foreign Military Sale (FMS) of 20 HIMARS launchers plus munitions including 101 ATACMS block 1A, 101 ATACMS block 1A Unitary, 104 MLRS, 130 GMLRS and 130 GMLRS Unitary rocket pods.
In January 2007, Lockheed Martin was awarded a further contract for 44 HIMARS systems for the US Army and 16 for the USMC, for delivery by 2009.
In September 2007, the US Congress was notified of the proposed sale to Singapore of 18 HIMARS launchers plus 32 Unitary GMLRS pods and 30 MLRS practice rocket pods.
"The HIMARS artillery rocket launcher can aim at a target in just 16 seconds."The purpose of HIMARS is to engage and defeat artillery, air defence concentrations, trucks, light armour and personnel carriers, as well as support troop and supply concentrations. HIMARS is able to launch its weapons and move away from the area at high speed before enemy forces are able to locate the launch site.
HIMARS fire control
HIMARS retains the same self-loading and autonomous features installed on the MLRS. The improved launcher mechanical system (ILMS) upgrade and electronics of the improved fire control system (IFCS), which upgraded MLRS M270 launchers are also fitted to HIMARS vehicles.
Lockheed Martins universal fire control system (UFCS), a further evolutionary upgrade of the fire control system, has completed development and qualification and from mid 2008 is being fitted to full-rate production HIMARS. Successful HIMARS test firings of the ATACMS missile (in March 2008) and GMLRS rockets (in May 2008) took place using the new GPS-guided UFCS.
HIMARS is operated by a crew of three - driver, gunner and section chief - but the computer-based fire control system enables a crew of two or even a single soldier to load and unload the system. The fire control system includes video, keyboard control, a gigabyte of programme storage and global positioning system. The fire control computer allows firing missions to be carried out in automatic or manual mode.
In a typical mission, a command and control post would transmit the selected target data via a secure data link to the HIMARS on-board launch computer. The computer then aims the launcher and provides prompt signals to the crew to arm and fire a pre-selected number of rounds. The launcher can aim at a target in just 16 seconds. It is possible for the crew to select preprogrammed multiple mission sequences which have been stored in the computer.
High mobility artillery rocket system munitions
In addition to the standard MLRS round, HIMARS is capable of launching the entire MLRS family of munitions, including the extended-range rocket, the reduced-range practice rocket and all future variants. HIMARS carries a single six-pack of MLRS rockets, or one army tactical missile system (ATACMS) missile.
"HIMARS has successfully test fired the new extended range guided rocket GMLRS, with a range of more than 70km."The extended-range MLRS rocket (ER-MLRS) improves the basic M26 range of 32km to more than 45km and the area of influence by 107%.
The extension of the rocket motor has resulted in a reduction in the payload to 518 M85 grenades, but the dispersion of the grenades is improved for better effectiveness with fewer grenades.
In April 2004, HIMARS successfully test fired the new extended range guided rocket GMLRS, with a range of more than 70km.
The Lockheed Martin GMLRS rocket has a GPS (global positioning system) and inertial guidance package and small canards on the rocket nose to enhance accuracy. GMLRS completed System Development and Demonstration (SDD) tests in December 2002 and entered low-rate initial production in April 2003.
Initial operating capability (IOC) was achieved in 2006, but the system has been operationally deployed since September 2005 in Iraq. The GMLRS is an international programme involving UK, Italy, France and Germany as well as the US. The industrial team includes Diehl, MBDA and FiatAvio.
First deliveries of a unitary variant of GMLRS, with a single 81.6kg (180lb) warhead, developed by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems, and a range of up to 70km were in May 2005. In October 2003, Lockheed Martin was awarded an SDD contract for 86 unitary variant rockets, delivered in June 2005. In June 2007, GMLRS Unitary entered low-rate initial production (LRIP).
Army tactical missile system (ATACMS)
HIMARS is capable of firing the long-range ATACMS (army tactical missile system) guided missile. The ATACMS family includes the Block 1, Block 1A and Block 1A Unitary missiles. The block 1 missile delivers 950 anti-personnel anti-material (AP/AM) baseball-sized M74 submunitions to ranges exceeding 165km.
The block 1A missile range exceeds 300km by reducing the submunition payload to 300 bomblets and adding GPS guidance. The Block 1A unitary missile, with a single-burst warhead, was first deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March / April 2003.
"HIMARS is capable of launching the entire MLRS family of munitions, including the extended-range rocket."The program to develop the Block II missile, with GPS and 13 BAT (brilliant anti-tank) submissiles, and Block IIA missile, with six improved BAT submissiles, was cancelled in February 2003.
Vehicle
HIMARS carries a single six-pack of rockets on the army's family of medium tactical vehicles (FMTV) 6x6 all-wheel drive 5t truck supplied by Armor Holdings Tactical Vehicle Systems Division (formerly Stewart and Stevenson), Texas. The HIMARS vehicle weighs approximately 24,000lb compared to more than 44,000lb for the MLRS M270 launcher.
HIMARS is transportable on the C-130 aircraft, allowing the system to be moved into areas previously inaccessible to the larger C-141 and C-5 aircraft required for the M270 launch vehicle.
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The High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) firing ATACMS missiles.
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HIMARS entered service with the 27th Field Artillery, 18th Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, in June 2005.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expand Image
HIMARS carries a single six-pack of rockets on the Army's Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) 6x6 all-wheel drive 5t truck by Armor Holdings (formerly Stewart and Stevenson).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expand Image
The HIMARS vehicle weighs 24,000lb, half as much as the MLRS.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expand Image
HIMARS can fire the range of MLRS rockets including the new GPS-guided extended range GMLRS.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expand Image
The Improved Fire Control System (IFCS) upgrade for MLRS launchers will be standard equipment on production HIMARS vehicles.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expand Image
HIMARS is a highly-mobile artillery rocket system offering the firepower of MLRS on a wheeled chassis.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expand Image
HIMARS being fired.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expand Image
HIMARS fires entire suite of MLRS munitions from RRPR to 300km ATACMS.
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Super Falcon
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The combat-proven multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) is a rocket artillery system manufactured by Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control. The system is operational in the US Army, and fourteen countries have fielded or ordered MLRS: Bahrain, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, The Netherlands, Norway, Turkey and United Kingdom. The system has also been built in Europe by an international consortium of companies from France, Germany, Italy and the UK.
"The combat-proven multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) is a rocket artillery system."In January 2006, it was agreed that two batteries of MLRS (nine launchers per battery) were to be transferred from the Netherlands to Finland. The systems were delivered in February 2007.
MLRS was deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March / April 2003. The US Army fielded the upgraded M270A1 launchers and the new ATACMS quick reaction unitary missile.
Armament
The Multiple Launch Rocket System is a high-mobility automatic system based on an M270 weapons platform. MLRS fires surface-to-surface rockets and the army tactical missile system (ATACMS). Without leaving the cab, the crew of three (driver, gunner and section chief) can fire up to 12 MLRS rockets in less than 60 seconds.
The MLRS launcher unit comprises an M270 launcher loaded with 12 rockets, packaged in two six-rocket pods. The launcher, which is mounted on a stretched Bradley chassis, is a highly automated self-loading and self-aiming system. It contains a fire control computer that integrates the vehicle and rocket-launching operations.
The rockets can be fired individually or in ripples of two to 12. Accuracy is maintained in all firing modes because the computer re-aims the launcher between rounds.
The MLRS can be readily transported to the area of operations, for example by the C-5 transporter aircraft or by train. MLRS has excellent cross-country mobility, and a road speed of 64km/h.
Munitions
The basic MLRS tactical rocket warhead contains 644 M77 munitions, which are dispensed above the target in mid-air. The dual-purpose bomblets are armed during freefall and a simple drag ribbon orients the bomblets for impact. Each MLRS launcher can deliver almost 8,000 munitions in less than 60 seconds at ranges exceeding 32km.
Other mission-oriented rockets include the extended-range (ER) rocket, the reduced-range practice rocket (RRPR) with a range of 8km to 15km and the AT2, which dispenses 28 antitank mines per round. The extended-range rocket, first fielded in 1998, carries 518 improved munitions in excess of 45km.
Guided rocket GMLRS
Lockheed Martin developed a new extended-range guided rocket GMLRS which has a range of over 70km. The GMLRS XM30 rocket has a GPS (global positioning system) and inertial guidance package and small canards on the rocket nose to enhance accuracy.
"The multiple launch rocket system is a high-mobility automatic system based on an M270 weapons platform."GMLRS completed system development and demonstration (SDD) tests in December 2002 and entered low-rate initial production in April 2003. 156 GMLRS rockets were produced under the LRIP I contract (deliveries completed May 2005), 840 under the LRIP II (awarded in March 2004) and 1,014 under LRIP III (awarded February 2005).
IOC was achieved in 2006, but the system has been operationally deployed since September 2005 in Iraq. The GMLRS is an international programme involving UK, Italy, France and Germany as well as the US. The industrial team includes Diehl, MBDA and FiatAvio.
In August 2005, the UK placed a contract for GMLRS, becoming the first international customer.
GMLRS entered service with the UK Army Royal Artillery in April 2007 and began deployment to Afghanistan in June 2007.
First deliveries of a unitary variant of GMLRS, with a single 81.6kg (180lb) warhead and a range of up to 70km were in May 2005. In October 2003, Lockheed Martin was awarded an SDD contract for 86 unitary variant rockets, delivered in June 2005. The programme is being accelerated following a US Army 'urgent need' statement and, in August 2005, the unitary variant began field testing in Iraq. In June 2007, GMLRS Unitary entered low-rate initial production (LRIP). Operational testing was completed in April 2008 and full-rate production is to begin in early 2009.
Army tactical missile system
MLRS also fires the long-range Lockheed Martin Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) guided missiles. The ATACMS family includes the block 1, block 1A and block 1A Unitary missiles. Block 1, which was used during Operation Desert Storm, carries 950 baseball-sized M74 submunitions to ranges exceeding 165km.
The block IA missile extends the range to more than 300km by reducing the submunition payload and adding GPS guidance. The block 1A unitary missile, with a single-burst warhead, was first deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March / April 2003. Lockheed Martin was awarded a first US Army contract for production of the unitary missile in February 2004 and a second, for 50 missiles, in January 2005.
The programme to develop the block II missile, with GPS and 13 BAT (brilliant anti-tank) submissiles, and Block IIA missile, with six improved BAT submissiles, was cancelled in February 2003.The BAT submunition, manufactured by Northrop Grumman, is an unpowered glider which has acoustic sensors for target detection and infrared sensors for terminal guidance. Maximum range is 140km.
Fire control
The MLRS computerised fire control system enables a reduced crew, or even a single soldier to load and unload the launcher. A portable boom control device and cable hook assembly is used for loading and unloading.
"A computerised fire control system enables a reduced crew, or even a single soldier to load and unload the launcher."The fire control computer allows firing missions to be carried out either manually or automatically.
In a typical fire mission, a command post transmits the selected target data directly to the MLRS computer.
The computer aims the launcher and prompts the crew to arm and fire a pre-selected number of rounds. Multiple mission sequences can be preprogrammed and stored in the computer.
M270A1 launcher
In December 2000, a low-rate initial production contract was placed with Lockheed Martin for 66 upgraded M270A1 launchers to be delivered by 2004. MLRS launchers upgraded to M270AI status have improved fire control systems (IFCS) and improved launcher mechanical systems (ILMS). The M270A1 launcher completed operational testing in October 2001 and was first fielded in May 2002. Lockheed Martin has received a FMS (foreign military sales) contract for the new launchers from the Republic of Korea.
The IFCS provides additional capacity to accommodate complex munitions and modern computer electronics, including video display, onboard navigation with global positioning system, architecture for ultrafast signal processing and advanced mission software. ILMS reduces the time to aim the launcher to 16 seconds (compared to 93 seconds). The reloading time is cut from four to three minutes.
UK systems are also to receive the IFCS. The first 15 systems for the UK were ordered in March 2005 for delivery by the end of 2006. Italian, German and French MLRS systems will have the European fire control systems (EFCS), being developed by EADS / Dornier.
"The combat-proven multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) is a rocket artillery system."In January 2006, it was agreed that two batteries of MLRS (nine launchers per battery) were to be transferred from the Netherlands to Finland. The systems were delivered in February 2007.
MLRS was deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March / April 2003. The US Army fielded the upgraded M270A1 launchers and the new ATACMS quick reaction unitary missile.
Armament
The Multiple Launch Rocket System is a high-mobility automatic system based on an M270 weapons platform. MLRS fires surface-to-surface rockets and the army tactical missile system (ATACMS). Without leaving the cab, the crew of three (driver, gunner and section chief) can fire up to 12 MLRS rockets in less than 60 seconds.
The MLRS launcher unit comprises an M270 launcher loaded with 12 rockets, packaged in two six-rocket pods. The launcher, which is mounted on a stretched Bradley chassis, is a highly automated self-loading and self-aiming system. It contains a fire control computer that integrates the vehicle and rocket-launching operations.
The rockets can be fired individually or in ripples of two to 12. Accuracy is maintained in all firing modes because the computer re-aims the launcher between rounds.
The MLRS can be readily transported to the area of operations, for example by the C-5 transporter aircraft or by train. MLRS has excellent cross-country mobility, and a road speed of 64km/h.
Munitions
The basic MLRS tactical rocket warhead contains 644 M77 munitions, which are dispensed above the target in mid-air. The dual-purpose bomblets are armed during freefall and a simple drag ribbon orients the bomblets for impact. Each MLRS launcher can deliver almost 8,000 munitions in less than 60 seconds at ranges exceeding 32km.
Other mission-oriented rockets include the extended-range (ER) rocket, the reduced-range practice rocket (RRPR) with a range of 8km to 15km and the AT2, which dispenses 28 antitank mines per round. The extended-range rocket, first fielded in 1998, carries 518 improved munitions in excess of 45km.
Guided rocket GMLRS
Lockheed Martin developed a new extended-range guided rocket GMLRS which has a range of over 70km. The GMLRS XM30 rocket has a GPS (global positioning system) and inertial guidance package and small canards on the rocket nose to enhance accuracy.
"The multiple launch rocket system is a high-mobility automatic system based on an M270 weapons platform."GMLRS completed system development and demonstration (SDD) tests in December 2002 and entered low-rate initial production in April 2003. 156 GMLRS rockets were produced under the LRIP I contract (deliveries completed May 2005), 840 under the LRIP II (awarded in March 2004) and 1,014 under LRIP III (awarded February 2005).
IOC was achieved in 2006, but the system has been operationally deployed since September 2005 in Iraq. The GMLRS is an international programme involving UK, Italy, France and Germany as well as the US. The industrial team includes Diehl, MBDA and FiatAvio.
In August 2005, the UK placed a contract for GMLRS, becoming the first international customer.
GMLRS entered service with the UK Army Royal Artillery in April 2007 and began deployment to Afghanistan in June 2007.
First deliveries of a unitary variant of GMLRS, with a single 81.6kg (180lb) warhead and a range of up to 70km were in May 2005. In October 2003, Lockheed Martin was awarded an SDD contract for 86 unitary variant rockets, delivered in June 2005. The programme is being accelerated following a US Army 'urgent need' statement and, in August 2005, the unitary variant began field testing in Iraq. In June 2007, GMLRS Unitary entered low-rate initial production (LRIP). Operational testing was completed in April 2008 and full-rate production is to begin in early 2009.
Army tactical missile system
MLRS also fires the long-range Lockheed Martin Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) guided missiles. The ATACMS family includes the block 1, block 1A and block 1A Unitary missiles. Block 1, which was used during Operation Desert Storm, carries 950 baseball-sized M74 submunitions to ranges exceeding 165km.
The block IA missile extends the range to more than 300km by reducing the submunition payload and adding GPS guidance. The block 1A unitary missile, with a single-burst warhead, was first deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March / April 2003. Lockheed Martin was awarded a first US Army contract for production of the unitary missile in February 2004 and a second, for 50 missiles, in January 2005.
The programme to develop the block II missile, with GPS and 13 BAT (brilliant anti-tank) submissiles, and Block IIA missile, with six improved BAT submissiles, was cancelled in February 2003.The BAT submunition, manufactured by Northrop Grumman, is an unpowered glider which has acoustic sensors for target detection and infrared sensors for terminal guidance. Maximum range is 140km.
Fire control
The MLRS computerised fire control system enables a reduced crew, or even a single soldier to load and unload the launcher. A portable boom control device and cable hook assembly is used for loading and unloading.
"A computerised fire control system enables a reduced crew, or even a single soldier to load and unload the launcher."The fire control computer allows firing missions to be carried out either manually or automatically.
In a typical fire mission, a command post transmits the selected target data directly to the MLRS computer.
The computer aims the launcher and prompts the crew to arm and fire a pre-selected number of rounds. Multiple mission sequences can be preprogrammed and stored in the computer.
M270A1 launcher
In December 2000, a low-rate initial production contract was placed with Lockheed Martin for 66 upgraded M270A1 launchers to be delivered by 2004. MLRS launchers upgraded to M270AI status have improved fire control systems (IFCS) and improved launcher mechanical systems (ILMS). The M270A1 launcher completed operational testing in October 2001 and was first fielded in May 2002. Lockheed Martin has received a FMS (foreign military sales) contract for the new launchers from the Republic of Korea.
The IFCS provides additional capacity to accommodate complex munitions and modern computer electronics, including video display, onboard navigation with global positioning system, architecture for ultrafast signal processing and advanced mission software. ILMS reduces the time to aim the launcher to 16 seconds (compared to 93 seconds). The reloading time is cut from four to three minutes.
UK systems are also to receive the IFCS. The first 15 systems for the UK were ordered in March 2005 for delivery by the end of 2006. Italian, German and French MLRS systems will have the European fire control systems (EFCS), being developed by EADS / Dornier.
Kharian_Beast
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self propelled artillery
self propelled artillery
Kharian_Beast
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I would like to add to the G6 section :
G6-52 Rhino 155mm SELF-PROPELLED GUN-HOWITZER
Minister of Defence, Mr Mosiuoa Lekota, on 16 March 2003 unveiled South Africa's latest and most advanced artillery system, the Denel G6-52, at the IDEX 2003 defence exhibition in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). "Already recognised as a world leader in artillery, we've made a quantum leap with the G6-52," explains Mr Max Sisulu, acting chief executive of Denel. "With this system we are confirming South Africa's prime role in modern artillery technology, which goes beyond a howitzer. Such a capability includes state-of-the-art ammunition and numerous related subsystems - all important elements on the third millenium battlefield."
Although outwardly resembling South Africa's renowned 155mm G6 wheeled Self-Propelled (SP) artillery system, the G6-52 is substantially different - to such a degree that it is justifiably promoted as an entirely new system. Firing a Denel developed V-LAP rocket assisted projectile, the G6-52 has a range of almost 70 kilometres - outperforming any other or competing artillery system by a significant margin.
Addressing the media at IDEX 2003, Minister Lekota said that South Africa's defence industries operated in the international arena with a strong commitment to responsibility and maturity, under transparent, civilian-controlled export of defence equipment, and complying with international armaments conventions and agreements. "Against this background, South Africa stands proud of its achievements in the development of sophisticated defence systems, to be employed in defence of the nation's sovereignty and in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, within the context of our geopolitical obligations," said Minister Lekota. "The wider international community is increasingly taking note of defence-related technologies offered by South Africa.
Under the heading: 'See the Future', South Africa's G6-52 was making its debut inside a specially constructed marqee at IDEX 2003, displayed alongside related systems like the observation drone, the Seeker II, from Denel's Kentron division. Automated ammunition handling (any combination of projectiles and charges), with automated fuze setting, increases the rate of fire to at least eight rounds per minute. This is done by means of computer programmed ammunition carousels inside the turret, one of the features allowing for a reduced crew on the G6-52. Crew workload is further reduced with an automated ammunition inventory, which records and updates the status of the inventory as each shot is fired.
Multiple rounds (up to six) can be fired to impact simultaneously on the same target by means of the G6-52's advanced AS2000 artillery target engagement system. Automatic laying and navigation provides the G6-52 with outstanding accuracy during firing missions. Thanks to its numerous on-board computerized systems, it can come into operation (ready to fire its first round) within 45 seconds of stopping. Likewise, it can move away from a firing position within 30 seconds of completing a firing mission - critical to avoid enemy counter-fire.
Although artillery is usually deployed in batteries as described in military doctrine, the G6-52's capability is demonstrated by the fact that a single G6-52 howitzer is able to cover an area of approximately 1 720 square kilometers from a deployment position.
South Africa has always looked towards artillery to provide extended range and high mobility, the philosophy being "to establish fire superiority over the entire battle area." According to Col. D J de Villiers of the South African Army Artillery Formation, "firepower is used decisively as a primary means of combat to bring about favourable conditions for ending the conflict" and to deny the enemy sufficient opportunity to successfully interfere with own tactics.
In order to have real-time battlefield surveillance - during day or night in any weather - the new artillery system relies on the Seeker II observation drone developed by Denel's Kentron division. The Seeker II can range 250 kilometres from its base station and has a10-hour flight endurance.
The G6-52's superior range, coupled with accuracy and firing rate, sets a new standard, whilst its high mobility provides great flexibility on the battlefield.
Other than the G6, most Self-Propelled (SP) artillery systems consist of the gun turret mounted on a tracked vehicle. The G6-52 is a permanent 6x6 wheeled SP system providing much higher mobility than tracked vehicles. This feature allows it to keep pace with mounted infantry and armour units during high mobility operations over extended distances.
Off road speed is almost 70 km/h and on surfaced roads it can travel at speeds of up to 80 km/h, with a fuel range of 700 kilometres. The G6-52 has an automatic tyre inflation system and is equipped with run-flat inserts. It can withstand the detonation of a landmine under any wheel.
Alongside range and mobility, the artillery system relies on another crucial element, namely "target effect", which essentially relates to ammunition and firing rate.
The G6-52 is designed to utilise standard 155mm ammunition, but derives much of its unparalleled capability from Denel developed artillery ammunition. SA Army Col. D J de Villiers believes "South African artillery ammunition is undeniably the best in the world" - hence the serious attention from several NATO countries.
Denel manufacturing divisions, Somchem, Swartklip, Naschem and La Forge provide the artillery projectiles, base-bleed motors and modular combustible case propelling charges for the G6-52 system. The velocity-enhanced long-range artillery projectile, designated V-LAP, gives the system its vastly improved range of some 67 kilometres.
Apart from the effectiveness of the ammunition, Denel has managed to develop a "ballistic similitude" in the projectile family. This characteristic speeds up the computation of firing data and also ensures the effective engagement of targets with different payloads or combinations of payloads (essentially projectiles filled with different contents, like screening smoke or explosives).
Importantly, the G6-52 system has NBC (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical) protection, as well as standard armour protection against small and medium caliber weapons.
"Whilst immensely proud of Denel's G6-52, we are really launching a tangible example of our cutting edge artillery capability on the international market," explains Max Sisulu. "This represents technology for the future, hence the tag line: 'See the Future' - and I'm convinced this reaffirms our leading artillery position in the minds of defence clients worldwide."
G6-52 155mm SELF-PROPELLED GUN-HOWITZER
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