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Historian captures Pakistan through majestic photos

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Historian captures Pakistan through majestic photos


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Altit Fort, Hunza. PHOTO: William Dalrymple


Historian William Dalrymple has spent the last three years documenting the ruins of the Mughal reign. The 53-year-old has been tracing the fall of the empire to East India Company and subsequently, the British rule, reported Live Mint.

William describes the Mughal empire as a “super-centralised, hyper-organised one which fragmented overnight like a mirror dropped from a first-floor window”. A collection of photographs from one of William’s research trips for his book have surfaced. The images are currently part of his exhibition, The Historian’s Eye in Mumbai.


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Bagh, Lahore. PHOTO: William Dalrymple

The exhibition is set on the mid-18th and early-19th century, hinging on the tales of the tragic figure, Shah Alam II. While travelling in the emperor’s footsteps – literally – William pens Shah as an “ill-fated Mughal emperor”.

William travelled from Delhi to Awadh, passing through Bihar and Murshidabad to cross the border and enter Pakistan. In an attempt to recreate a lost era, the 53-year-old historian traces fallen kingdoms, ruined palaces, broken shrines and forgotten manuscripts. Laced with nostalgia, William’s photos carry poetic themes.

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A Bend In The Indus, Gilgit. PHOTO: William Dalrymple

The black and white photos depict beautiful landscapes and portraits while at the same time being dark and brooding. Reflecting a quiet fury, the high-contrast images show lone monuments, overcast skies and bare landscapes.

Each photograph portrays drama. With intentionally grained photos, William wishes to create a drama for his viewers that foretells the historical spectacle unraveling in his upcoming book.

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Heading Home, Shyok Gorges. PHOTO: William Dalrymple

In a photograph titled Heading Home, Shyok Gorges, a boy walking down a rugged hill is dwarfed by the surrounding ranges. William says, “The little boy, who was heading home after reading the namaz in the masjid, is a tiny fragment of this vast landscape that looks somewhat like a baroque apocalypse happening in the sky. When I saw it, I knew that this was a photograph I had to take.”

Williams photographs of modern-day Pakistan are as accessible to the viewer as elusive. From the white sands of Gilgit to the huddled Kalash women, there exists an uncanny juxtaposition of people and places in his pictures.

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Kalash Women, Chitral. PHOTO: William Dalrymple

The historian’s research took him all across the country. William speaks of his journey, “Before Partition, Lahore was very much the centre of not only Mughal India, but also Ranjit Singh’s kingdom. Places like Skardu in Baltistan, Khaplu on the Indus and Shyok, which no one remembers anymore, were important centres of Indian civilization 200 years ago.”

Of all the 51 photographs taken by William, 13 were shot in Pakistan. William mentions, “The exhibition is quite different from my first show which had pictures of America, Tuscany, Iran and Afghanistan. This is a much more focused and precisely framed show about 18th century India – the extraordinary period of the Mughal empire.” Clicked by a phone camera, these photographs will be published in William’s book, also titled The Historian’s Eye.

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Three Generations, Chitral. PHOTO: William Dalrymple
 
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Chaudhry Rehmat Ali was a good figure too from the little I know about him.


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After the creation of Pakistan

Headstone of Ali's Grave
While Choudhry Rahmat Ali was a leading figure for the conception of Pakistan, he lived most of his adult life in England. He had been voicing his dissatisfaction with the creation of Pakistan ever since his arrival in Lahore on April 6, 1948. He was unhappy over a Smaller Pakistan than the one he had conceived in his 1933 pamphlet Now Or Never.[26]

After the creation of Pakistan he returned to Pakistan in April 1948, planning to stay in this country, but he was ordered by the then Prime Minister Liaqat Ali Khan to leave the country. His belongings were confiscated, and he left empty-handed for England in October 1948.

He died in February 1951 and was buried on 20 February at Newmarket Road Cemetery, Cambridge, UK. Emmanuel College's Master, who had been Rahmat Ali's Tutor, himself arranged the burial in Cambridge on 20 February 1951.

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March 23, 1940: Welcoming Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah at Minto Park Lahore.


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March 23, 1940: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah with Muslim League working committee before Lahore Resolution Session.


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1940s: An iconic style captured! Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

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Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah with members of the Central Legislative Assembly for the Muslim League in Delhi, 1946. Seated second and third from the left is Jogendra Nath Mandal and Khawaja Nazimuddin; seated third from the right is Sir Yamin Khan. Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan, the Raja of Mahmudabad, stands on the extreme left; Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan and I.I. Chundrigar are on the extreme right in the second row. Sardar Abdul Rab Nishtar on extreme left in 2nd row standing.

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The only known picture of Hafiza Imam Bibi, the Mother of Allama Muhammad Iqbal.
Courtesy : Munib Iqbal

With basic education, she was a Hafiza of Quran and a very pious and religous lady who used to teach The Holy Quran to girls of the neighbourhood and keep amanats of people. Allama Iqbal Sb recieved his earliest education of Islam and The Holy Quran from her and she instilled in him the values which later made him what he became. Allama sb wrote an epic poem on her death, "Valida Marhooma ki Yaad Main"

کس کو اب ہوگا وطن ميں آہ! ميرا انتظار
کون ميرا خط نہ آنے سے رہے گا بے قرار
خاکِ مرقد پر تری لے کر يہ فرياد آؤں گا
اب دعائے نيم شب ميں کس کوميں ياد آؤں گا
عمر بھر تيری محبت ميری خدمت گر رہی
ميں تری خدمت کے قابل جب ہوا، تو چل بسی
آسماں تيری لحَد پر شبنم افشانی کرے
سبزۂ نورستہ اس گھر کی نگہبانی کرے


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SWAT, NOVEMBER 24, 1947

THE WALI ASSENTS


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The Wali of the Princely State of Swat, Miangul Abdul Wadud, with members of his state police. — Excerpted with permission from Witness to Life and Freedom, Roli Books, Delhi


Swat owes its status as a ‘state’ to the decline of the Sikh and Afghan empires. When the British take over Peshawar in 1849, Swat is mainly inhabited by Yusufzai Pathans. The same year, the tribal jirga elects Syed Akbar Shah as king of Swat – although real power in Swat lies with the Akhund, a religious leader known as Saidu Baba.

Saidu Baba dies in 1887 and Swat lapses into factional fighting between his sons and his grandsons.

Finally, in 1917 the jirga appoints Miangul Abdul Wadud, one of the Akhund’s grandsons as king. Although Miangul Abdul Wadud controls most of Swat by 1923, the Government of India does not formally recognise him as the ruler. Instead, in 1926 the British grant him the title of Wali, an honorific religious title – because only the King Emperor in England has the right to the title of king.

Irrespective of the British position, the Wali of Swat is the only elected ruler of a Princely State, by virtue of the jirga.

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Miangul Abdul Wadud signs the Instrument of Accession enabling Swat to join Pakistan in 1947. On the right are his son Miangul Abdul Haq Jahanzeb, his grandson Miangul Aurangzeb and the Chief Secretary of Swat, Mr Attaullah. — Courtesy Miangul Aurangzeb Archives, Swat


In 1931, Swat has an area of 18,000 square miles and a population of 216,000. The state is predominantly Muslim, but with a small Hindu presence. Swat’s accession to Pakistan is complicated by its occupation of Kalam shortly before 1947, which was also claimed by Chitral and Dir.

Although Pakistan refuses to recognise the occupation and tries to persuade Swat to revert to the status quo, the Wali, hoping to garner Pakistan’s support of Swat’s claim to Kalam, is eager to accede to Pakistan. Miangul Jahanzeb, the last Wali notes that “with the creation of Pakistan, we immediately joined the new state. We were very patriotic… I talked to the political agent Nawab Shaikh Mehboob Ali over the telephone and told him we were going to sign the Instrument of Accession.”

The Wali executes the Instrument of Accession on November 24, 1947.
 
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