Philip the Arab
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The Egyptian Air Defense Force consists not only of brigades and battalions of missiles and anti-aircraft artillery, but there are command and control centers and early warning stations consisting of aerial surveillance radars of various high-altitude, medium, low and very low, operating on various ranges, some of which can capture air targets with The low radar footprint (plastic, mobile and stealth aircraft), as well as the observation battalions (electro-optical and thermal systems) are also attached to the early warning brigades that have the effectiveness of monitoring enemy aircraft At very low altitudes day and night, especially stealth.
This is in addition to the electronic warfare radar and wireless handicap stations, signal systems and radio communications systems of the weapon, all of which are linked and integrated into the C4I / C5I main command and control network.
The complexity of the Egyptian network is that it contains American, Russian, French, British, Chinese and Egyptian radar systems, as well as multi-source surface-to-air missile systems.
Last but not least, this network is complemented by the Air Force fleet of airborne early warning aircraft, intelligence, aerial survey, electronic reconnaissance and electronic warfare of E2C Hawkeye-2000, Beachcraft 1900C, EC-130H and Commando Mk.2E and Mi-8MV helicopters.
If we are to talk about the modern concept of “integrated air defense system”, we will add to all of the above, multi-mission fighter aircraft of various types (F-16 ~ Rafale ~ Mirage-2000 ~ MiG-29M) with its armament systems and different radar and thermal sensors , Let us have an integrated system that meets all the requirements to manage a Combined Arms Battle against a hostile air attack (aerial invasion / suppression of air defenses) to deal with all hostilities from air and ground platforms simultaneously, in coordination and softness, with the highest accuracy and efficiency.
In recent years, the Egyptian Air Defense Forces have undergone unprecedented qualitative development, including the provision of the most advanced anti-aircraft missile systems as follows:
- Russia's Tor M2E short-range self-propelled aerial defense system, highly effective against mobile missiles, various projectiles, air ammunition, fighter aircraft, helicopters and drones. It has a range of 15 km and a maximum height of 10 km.
- IRIS-T SLM Central German air defense system (M stands for “Medium Range” and SL to “Surface Launched”) capable of handling various air threats (except plastic missiles) including mobile missiles, drones, helicopters and fighter jets . It has a range of 35 - 40 km and a height of 20 km. (According to the German newspaper Rheinische Post in September 2018, the federal government “Bundesregierung” approved a number of armaments contracts for Egypt including the IRIS-T SLM system).)
- Russian mid-range air defense system Buk M2E self-propelled track, highly effective against tactical plastic missiles (fired from a distance of up to 200 km), mobile missiles, anti-radar missiles and various types of aircraft and helicopters. It has a range of 45 km and a height of 15 m - 25 km, and can also engage with naval targets at 25 km and ground at 15 km.
- Russia's S-300VM (Antey-2500) long-range air defense system is highly effective against short- and medium-range plastic missiles (fired from distances up to 2500 km), strategic aircraft (early warning aircraft, electronic warfare and aerial reconnaissance), fighter aircraft, cruise missiles and various air threats on all levels. It has a maximum range of 250 km against aircraft, 40 km against ballistic missiles and a maximum altitude of 30 km. (Egypt received 4 aircraft by negotiating more of the same system, and there are also S-400 talks.)
- Protivnik-GE is a 3D radar that provides long-range aerial surveillance, monitoring and tracking of strategic and fighter aircraft, plastic missiles, cruise missiles and even low-speed sound targets at various altitudes, as well as providing aviation-friendly information and various navigational data to guide operations. Aerial support and counter-air defense, possesses Phased Array-Antenna scanning technologies and operates on the Ultra High Frequency UHF. The radar has an aerial survey range of 400 km and altitude of 200 km
- British early warning radar Commaner SL, a three-dimensional radar that performs aerial surveys and is capable of detecting future air threats such as UAVs, cruise missiles and long-range air ammunition fired from outside the range of long-range air defense, especially at low altitudes, Phased mono-pulse height measurement means that it can from the first time detect the target height without the need for confirmation, in addition to the ability to identify the enemy and friend IFF as a secondary scanning radar SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar as the main radars Main Radar's mission is limited to detecting air targets, but the secondary radar relies on electronic transponder to identify the aircraft itself. The radar has a horizontal scanning range of 470 km and a detection ceiling of 30 km.
- ESR-32A, Egypt's two-dimensional aerial survey and early warning radar, designed and manufactured 100% of the efforts of the Egyptian Armed Forces Research and Development Department, and the Egyptian-made Surface-to-Ari Missile Command Center to analyze and assess risks and threats. Identify the types of air defense systems needed to deal with them. The radar has a range of 250 km and a height of 12 km, and is also used for civilian use to monitor and direct air traffic. A newer and more advanced version is being developed that is likely to appear during EDEX-2020.
- Barnaul-T self-tracked Russian command, control and communications system, which is responsible for the transfer and exchange of communications, information and orders between the main command centers and self-propelled tactical air defense units in the theater to effectively manage combat and air defense.
- KTM Kineto Tracking Mount Model 433 It has a huge ability to track objects and targets at high speed with the determination of information on distance, speed and time TSPI Time, Space & Position Information with high accuracy, and comes equipped with a dedicated to work without human intervention Unmanned or to work manually Manned / Manual Control. It represents a powerful addition to the Egyptian air defense to detect and track stealth and drones, especially those flying at low and very low altitudes.
This is in addition to the earlier work of the development and modernization of the rest of the air defense systems Kalpchora SA-3 Pechora upgraded to the level of Pechora 2M and developed SA-6 cadres and developed new Chelka ZSU-4M4 with the new radar equipped with missiles SA-18 Igla short-range anti-aircraft, In order to increase the effectiveness of engagement with air targets, and other modifications of various developments.
Not to mention the radar systems that have been in service for a long time, and are subject to continuous development, overhaul and maintenance, including, but not limited to: the American TPS-59V3 specializes in long-range early warning (can monitor plastic missiles at a height of 300 km and a distance of 740 It can monitor planes from a distance of 550 km (with a sister SPS-48 (up to 460 km and a maximum altitude of 30 km), the Russian P-14 (maximum aerial survey range is 600 km), the Russian altimeter PRV-11 and the Chinese radar JY-9 He specializes in monitoring air threats on low altitudes, and his younger brother, the manufacturer Leah in cooperation with China YLC-6 (a maximum range of 150 km).
QUICK VIEW OF THE ARMED FORCES
1) Short term systems:
- Falcon eye (Egyptian version of the Russian SA-7 Grail) shoulder-mounted (developed with new searches to counter mobile missiles).
- FIM-92 Stinger is a US shoulder-mounted (anti-mobile) missile.
- The Igla SA-18 Igla / SA-24 Igla S is a Russian shoulder-mounted (anti-mobile) missile.
- Shilka ZSU-23-4M4 Russian four-pipe artillery caliber 23 mm self-propelled upgraded tracker + modern version equipped with Igla rocket launchers (against mobile missiles) and the artillery is directed by radar.
- Chaparral MIM-72 Chaparral American self-propelled crawler.
- French Crotale (jointly manufactured locally with the French side) is a self-propelled joint.
- Avenger AN / TWQ-1 Avenger is a self-propelled American American (confronting mobile missiles) and also has, besides the missiles, a heavy machine gun caliber 12.7 mm.
- Tor M1 / M2E Russian self-propelled crawler (highly effective against mobile missiles and smart munitions).
- Amoun Skygaurd (RM-7M Sparrow) with a range of 26 km + 2 35mm Oerlikon cannon with a range of up to 4 km (Italian-Swiss origin) developed with American cooperation. Upgrading its efficiency against mobile missiles and drones - according to officials of the German company Rhienmetall during the exhibition # EDEX2018, there are discussions with Egypt regarding the latest version of the skylight skyshield.
2) Medium term systems:
- Morning Bird (Egyptian version of SA-2 Volga Soviet) central.
- SA-3 Pechora is a Russian-developed centralized version of Pechora 2M (equipped with an electronic warfare system to neutralize anti-radar missiles and air-launched smart projectiles).
- SA-6 Self-propelled Crawler Quad (Developed)
IRIS-T SLM Central German (highly effective against various air threats including mobile missiles, fighter jets and drones)
- Buk M1-2 / M2E Russian self-propelled crawler (highly effective against various air threats including mobile, anti-radar and tactical plastic missiles as well as land and sea targets).
- Hawk MIM-23 Hawk Central American (developer).
3) Long Range Systems:
- S-300VM Russian self-propelled high-capacity crawler track against plastic missiles, cruise missiles, strategic and combat aircraft of various types, stealth targets with low and low radar cross-sections and ultra-strong anti-electronic jamming.
This is in addition to the electronic warfare radar and wireless handicap stations, signal systems and radio communications systems of the weapon, all of which are linked and integrated into the C4I / C5I main command and control network.
The complexity of the Egyptian network is that it contains American, Russian, French, British, Chinese and Egyptian radar systems, as well as multi-source surface-to-air missile systems.
Last but not least, this network is complemented by the Air Force fleet of airborne early warning aircraft, intelligence, aerial survey, electronic reconnaissance and electronic warfare of E2C Hawkeye-2000, Beachcraft 1900C, EC-130H and Commando Mk.2E and Mi-8MV helicopters.
If we are to talk about the modern concept of “integrated air defense system”, we will add to all of the above, multi-mission fighter aircraft of various types (F-16 ~ Rafale ~ Mirage-2000 ~ MiG-29M) with its armament systems and different radar and thermal sensors , Let us have an integrated system that meets all the requirements to manage a Combined Arms Battle against a hostile air attack (aerial invasion / suppression of air defenses) to deal with all hostilities from air and ground platforms simultaneously, in coordination and softness, with the highest accuracy and efficiency.
In recent years, the Egyptian Air Defense Forces have undergone unprecedented qualitative development, including the provision of the most advanced anti-aircraft missile systems as follows:
- Russia's Tor M2E short-range self-propelled aerial defense system, highly effective against mobile missiles, various projectiles, air ammunition, fighter aircraft, helicopters and drones. It has a range of 15 km and a maximum height of 10 km.
- IRIS-T SLM Central German air defense system (M stands for “Medium Range” and SL to “Surface Launched”) capable of handling various air threats (except plastic missiles) including mobile missiles, drones, helicopters and fighter jets . It has a range of 35 - 40 km and a height of 20 km. (According to the German newspaper Rheinische Post in September 2018, the federal government “Bundesregierung” approved a number of armaments contracts for Egypt including the IRIS-T SLM system).)
- Russian mid-range air defense system Buk M2E self-propelled track, highly effective against tactical plastic missiles (fired from a distance of up to 200 km), mobile missiles, anti-radar missiles and various types of aircraft and helicopters. It has a range of 45 km and a height of 15 m - 25 km, and can also engage with naval targets at 25 km and ground at 15 km.
- Russia's S-300VM (Antey-2500) long-range air defense system is highly effective against short- and medium-range plastic missiles (fired from distances up to 2500 km), strategic aircraft (early warning aircraft, electronic warfare and aerial reconnaissance), fighter aircraft, cruise missiles and various air threats on all levels. It has a maximum range of 250 km against aircraft, 40 km against ballistic missiles and a maximum altitude of 30 km. (Egypt received 4 aircraft by negotiating more of the same system, and there are also S-400 talks.)
- Protivnik-GE is a 3D radar that provides long-range aerial surveillance, monitoring and tracking of strategic and fighter aircraft, plastic missiles, cruise missiles and even low-speed sound targets at various altitudes, as well as providing aviation-friendly information and various navigational data to guide operations. Aerial support and counter-air defense, possesses Phased Array-Antenna scanning technologies and operates on the Ultra High Frequency UHF. The radar has an aerial survey range of 400 km and altitude of 200 km
- British early warning radar Commaner SL, a three-dimensional radar that performs aerial surveys and is capable of detecting future air threats such as UAVs, cruise missiles and long-range air ammunition fired from outside the range of long-range air defense, especially at low altitudes, Phased mono-pulse height measurement means that it can from the first time detect the target height without the need for confirmation, in addition to the ability to identify the enemy and friend IFF as a secondary scanning radar SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar as the main radars Main Radar's mission is limited to detecting air targets, but the secondary radar relies on electronic transponder to identify the aircraft itself. The radar has a horizontal scanning range of 470 km and a detection ceiling of 30 km.
- ESR-32A, Egypt's two-dimensional aerial survey and early warning radar, designed and manufactured 100% of the efforts of the Egyptian Armed Forces Research and Development Department, and the Egyptian-made Surface-to-Ari Missile Command Center to analyze and assess risks and threats. Identify the types of air defense systems needed to deal with them. The radar has a range of 250 km and a height of 12 km, and is also used for civilian use to monitor and direct air traffic. A newer and more advanced version is being developed that is likely to appear during EDEX-2020.
- Barnaul-T self-tracked Russian command, control and communications system, which is responsible for the transfer and exchange of communications, information and orders between the main command centers and self-propelled tactical air defense units in the theater to effectively manage combat and air defense.
- KTM Kineto Tracking Mount Model 433 It has a huge ability to track objects and targets at high speed with the determination of information on distance, speed and time TSPI Time, Space & Position Information with high accuracy, and comes equipped with a dedicated to work without human intervention Unmanned or to work manually Manned / Manual Control. It represents a powerful addition to the Egyptian air defense to detect and track stealth and drones, especially those flying at low and very low altitudes.
This is in addition to the earlier work of the development and modernization of the rest of the air defense systems Kalpchora SA-3 Pechora upgraded to the level of Pechora 2M and developed SA-6 cadres and developed new Chelka ZSU-4M4 with the new radar equipped with missiles SA-18 Igla short-range anti-aircraft, In order to increase the effectiveness of engagement with air targets, and other modifications of various developments.
Not to mention the radar systems that have been in service for a long time, and are subject to continuous development, overhaul and maintenance, including, but not limited to: the American TPS-59V3 specializes in long-range early warning (can monitor plastic missiles at a height of 300 km and a distance of 740 It can monitor planes from a distance of 550 km (with a sister SPS-48 (up to 460 km and a maximum altitude of 30 km), the Russian P-14 (maximum aerial survey range is 600 km), the Russian altimeter PRV-11 and the Chinese radar JY-9 He specializes in monitoring air threats on low altitudes, and his younger brother, the manufacturer Leah in cooperation with China YLC-6 (a maximum range of 150 km).
QUICK VIEW OF THE ARMED FORCES
1) Short term systems:
- Falcon eye (Egyptian version of the Russian SA-7 Grail) shoulder-mounted (developed with new searches to counter mobile missiles).
- FIM-92 Stinger is a US shoulder-mounted (anti-mobile) missile.
- The Igla SA-18 Igla / SA-24 Igla S is a Russian shoulder-mounted (anti-mobile) missile.
- Shilka ZSU-23-4M4 Russian four-pipe artillery caliber 23 mm self-propelled upgraded tracker + modern version equipped with Igla rocket launchers (against mobile missiles) and the artillery is directed by radar.
- Chaparral MIM-72 Chaparral American self-propelled crawler.
- French Crotale (jointly manufactured locally with the French side) is a self-propelled joint.
- Avenger AN / TWQ-1 Avenger is a self-propelled American American (confronting mobile missiles) and also has, besides the missiles, a heavy machine gun caliber 12.7 mm.
- Tor M1 / M2E Russian self-propelled crawler (highly effective against mobile missiles and smart munitions).
- Amoun Skygaurd (RM-7M Sparrow) with a range of 26 km + 2 35mm Oerlikon cannon with a range of up to 4 km (Italian-Swiss origin) developed with American cooperation. Upgrading its efficiency against mobile missiles and drones - according to officials of the German company Rhienmetall during the exhibition # EDEX2018, there are discussions with Egypt regarding the latest version of the skylight skyshield.
2) Medium term systems:
- Morning Bird (Egyptian version of SA-2 Volga Soviet) central.
- SA-3 Pechora is a Russian-developed centralized version of Pechora 2M (equipped with an electronic warfare system to neutralize anti-radar missiles and air-launched smart projectiles).
- SA-6 Self-propelled Crawler Quad (Developed)
IRIS-T SLM Central German (highly effective against various air threats including mobile missiles, fighter jets and drones)
- Buk M1-2 / M2E Russian self-propelled crawler (highly effective against various air threats including mobile, anti-radar and tactical plastic missiles as well as land and sea targets).
- Hawk MIM-23 Hawk Central American (developer).
3) Long Range Systems:
- S-300VM Russian self-propelled high-capacity crawler track against plastic missiles, cruise missiles, strategic and combat aircraft of various types, stealth targets with low and low radar cross-sections and ultra-strong anti-electronic jamming.
