China Civilian Nuclear Industry, Technology, Exports and Supply Chain: News & Discussions
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CGN changes Hongyanhe ACPR-1000 start-up schedule
06 January 2020
China General Nuclear (CGN) has announced that units 5 and 6 of the Hongyanhe nuclear power plant in Liaoning province are now expected to start operating in the second half of 2021 and the first half of 2022, which is, respectively, one year and six months later than previously scheduled.
Installation of the reactor pressure vessel of Hongyanhe unit 6 in December 2018 (Image: LHNP)
The Hongyanhe plant is owned and operated by Liaoning Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Company (LHNP), a joint venture between CGN and State Power Investment Corporation, each holding a 45% stake, with the Dalian Municipal Construction Investment Co holding the remaining 10%.
In a 27 December statement to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, CGN said LHNP had "implemented a number of technical improvement measures in the construction process of the project with a view to realising the high-quality operation of its units and ensure the safe and stable operation of its units when put into operation". It added that LHNP had completed an assessment of the construction-related risks of Hongyanhe units 5 and 6, and "after due consideration", had decided to "adjust the construction plan of the project".
Construction of Phase I (units 1-4) of the plant, comprising four CPR-1000 pressurised water reactors, began in August 2009. Units 1 and 2 have been in commercial operation since June 2013 and May 2014, respectively, while unit 3 entered commercial operation in August 2015 and unit 4 in September 2016.
Phase II of the Hongyanhe plant - units 5 and 6 - comprises two 1080 MWe CGN-designed ACPR-1000 reactors. Construction of unit 5 began in March 2015 and that of unit 6 started in July the same year. Cold functional testing of unit 5 began on 10 October last year, marking the start of its commissioning phase, while unit 6 is in the equipment installation phase.
The ACPR-1000 - a three-loop unit with double containment and core-catcher - was launched by CGN in November 2011. In 2012 central planners in Beijing directed China National Nuclear Corporation and CGN, to 'rationalise' their reactor programmes. This meant CNNC's ACP1000 and CGN's ACPR-1000 were 'merged' into one standardised design - the Hualong One (HPR1000). Yangjiang units 5 and 6 were the first ACPR-1000 units to enter commercial operation, in July 2018 and July 2019, respectively. The ACPR-1000 is also being built as units 5 and 6 of the Tianwan plant, which are due to start up in 2020 and 2021.
Researched and written by World Nuclear News
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Revised-start-up-dates-for-Hongyanhe-ACPR1000s
06 January 2020
China General Nuclear (CGN) has announced that units 5 and 6 of the Hongyanhe nuclear power plant in Liaoning province are now expected to start operating in the second half of 2021 and the first half of 2022, which is, respectively, one year and six months later than previously scheduled.
Installation of the reactor pressure vessel of Hongyanhe unit 6 in December 2018 (Image: LHNP)
The Hongyanhe plant is owned and operated by Liaoning Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Company (LHNP), a joint venture between CGN and State Power Investment Corporation, each holding a 45% stake, with the Dalian Municipal Construction Investment Co holding the remaining 10%.
In a 27 December statement to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, CGN said LHNP had "implemented a number of technical improvement measures in the construction process of the project with a view to realising the high-quality operation of its units and ensure the safe and stable operation of its units when put into operation". It added that LHNP had completed an assessment of the construction-related risks of Hongyanhe units 5 and 6, and "after due consideration", had decided to "adjust the construction plan of the project".
Construction of Phase I (units 1-4) of the plant, comprising four CPR-1000 pressurised water reactors, began in August 2009. Units 1 and 2 have been in commercial operation since June 2013 and May 2014, respectively, while unit 3 entered commercial operation in August 2015 and unit 4 in September 2016.
Phase II of the Hongyanhe plant - units 5 and 6 - comprises two 1080 MWe CGN-designed ACPR-1000 reactors. Construction of unit 5 began in March 2015 and that of unit 6 started in July the same year. Cold functional testing of unit 5 began on 10 October last year, marking the start of its commissioning phase, while unit 6 is in the equipment installation phase.
The ACPR-1000 - a three-loop unit with double containment and core-catcher - was launched by CGN in November 2011. In 2012 central planners in Beijing directed China National Nuclear Corporation and CGN, to 'rationalise' their reactor programmes. This meant CNNC's ACP1000 and CGN's ACPR-1000 were 'merged' into one standardised design - the Hualong One (HPR1000). Yangjiang units 5 and 6 were the first ACPR-1000 units to enter commercial operation, in July 2018 and July 2019, respectively. The ACPR-1000 is also being built as units 5 and 6 of the Tianwan plant, which are due to start up in 2020 and 2021.
Researched and written by World Nuclear News
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Revised-start-up-dates-for-Hongyanhe-ACPR1000s
JSCh
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Joint research paves way to China's 'artificial sun'
By Wan Lin Source:Global Times Published: 2020/1/8 19:08:40
Public visit the model of artificial sun in Hefei, capital of East China's Anhui Province in October 2006. Through the model, they can know how the machine generates electricity. Photo: VCG
Chinese and British scientists have designed a material that can assist in the generation of controlled nuclear fusion and generate energy in a similar process to the sun.
The research, by scientists from Liverpool University in the UK and Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, can efficiently obtain deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen, which a team member said could pave the road of China's artificial sun project.
"It can efficiently select deuterium from a gas mixture and absorb them in large quantities." Ding Lifeng, a scientist from the Chinese side, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
Deuterium, a primary fuel for controlled nuclear fusion, is diluted in nature and therefore expensive.
High-purity, or enriched, deuterium is usually obtained by separating the isotope out of a hydrogen-deuterium mixture, which is energy-intensive and inefficient, Ding said.
The new material, named porous organic cages (POCs), makes it more efficient and cheaper to produce deuterium, he said.
"Our research helps solve the shortage in deuterium supply and has the potential to secure the fuel source for the fusion process," Ding said.
The US, Russia and the European Union are also researching controlled nuclear fusion as one of the most important future technologies that generates energy in a safe way, without nuclear waste.
By Wan Lin Source:Global Times Published: 2020/1/8 19:08:40
Chinese and British scientists have designed a material that can assist in the generation of controlled nuclear fusion and generate energy in a similar process to the sun.
The research, by scientists from Liverpool University in the UK and Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, can efficiently obtain deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen, which a team member said could pave the road of China's artificial sun project.
"It can efficiently select deuterium from a gas mixture and absorb them in large quantities." Ding Lifeng, a scientist from the Chinese side, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
Deuterium, a primary fuel for controlled nuclear fusion, is diluted in nature and therefore expensive.
High-purity, or enriched, deuterium is usually obtained by separating the isotope out of a hydrogen-deuterium mixture, which is energy-intensive and inefficient, Ding said.
The new material, named porous organic cages (POCs), makes it more efficient and cheaper to produce deuterium, he said.
"Our research helps solve the shortage in deuterium supply and has the potential to secure the fuel source for the fusion process," Ding said.
The US, Russia and the European Union are also researching controlled nuclear fusion as one of the most important future technologies that generates energy in a safe way, without nuclear waste.
JSCh
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China owns largest number of nuclear power units under construction in the world
(People's Daily Online) 09:45, January 17, 2020
The Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station in Guangdong province. (Photo/Chinanews.com)
By the end of 2019, there were 11 nuclear power units under construction in Chinese mainland, representing the largest number of nuclear power units under construction in the world, and 47 nuclear power units operating safely and stably, ranking third in the world.
Since the birth of China’s nuclear industry on Jan.15, 1955, when the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the strategic decision to develop nuclear energy in China, the country has accumulated enormous experience in such areas as reactor research and development, nuclear power station design, equipment manufacturing, engineering construction, as well as operation and management of nuclear power units, with the country’s capacity in certain areas reaching leading levels in the world.
According to the press conference held by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) on Wednesday to commemorate the 65th anniversary of the birth of China’s nuclear industry, CNNC has built five nuclear power bases in China, with its commercial nuclear power units amounting to 21, and 6 nuclear power units currently under construction.
CNNC’s nuclear power units generated about 136.2 billion kilowatt hours of electricity in 2019, and accumulatively about 969.1 billion kilowatt hours, helping save the world from the consumption of about 390 million tons of standard coal, which would have added about 966.1 million tons of carbon dioxide and about 29.1 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.
The ecological benefit of the electricity generated by CNNC’s nuclear power units over these years is also equivalent to that of 2.6 million hectares of trees.
China has never had a level-2 or worse nuclear incident in the 65-year history of its nuclear industry. The country has maintained a great safety record of its nuclear materials, characterized by the slogan “not one gram lost and not one piece missing”.
As one of the global leaders in industrial security, China’s experience and achievements in the nuclear industry has contributed significantly to the development of the global nuclear industry.
(People's Daily Online) 09:45, January 17, 2020
By the end of 2019, there were 11 nuclear power units under construction in Chinese mainland, representing the largest number of nuclear power units under construction in the world, and 47 nuclear power units operating safely and stably, ranking third in the world.
Since the birth of China’s nuclear industry on Jan.15, 1955, when the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the strategic decision to develop nuclear energy in China, the country has accumulated enormous experience in such areas as reactor research and development, nuclear power station design, equipment manufacturing, engineering construction, as well as operation and management of nuclear power units, with the country’s capacity in certain areas reaching leading levels in the world.
According to the press conference held by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) on Wednesday to commemorate the 65th anniversary of the birth of China’s nuclear industry, CNNC has built five nuclear power bases in China, with its commercial nuclear power units amounting to 21, and 6 nuclear power units currently under construction.
CNNC’s nuclear power units generated about 136.2 billion kilowatt hours of electricity in 2019, and accumulatively about 969.1 billion kilowatt hours, helping save the world from the consumption of about 390 million tons of standard coal, which would have added about 966.1 million tons of carbon dioxide and about 29.1 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.
The ecological benefit of the electricity generated by CNNC’s nuclear power units over these years is also equivalent to that of 2.6 million hectares of trees.
China has never had a level-2 or worse nuclear incident in the 65-year history of its nuclear industry. The country has maintained a great safety record of its nuclear materials, characterized by the slogan “not one gram lost and not one piece missing”.
As one of the global leaders in industrial security, China’s experience and achievements in the nuclear industry has contributed significantly to the development of the global nuclear industry.
JSCh
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北极星电力网China begins building pilot fast reactor
29 December 2017
Construction of China's 600 MWe demonstration fast reactor at Xiapu, Fujian province, has officially begun with the pouring of the first concrete for the reactor's basemat. The reactor is scheduled to begin commercial operation by 2023.
Construction gets under way of the CFR-600 at Xiapu (Image: CNNC)
China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) announced today that civil nuclear construction had begun on the "landmark project for the development of China's nuclear industry".
Earlier this month, China Nuclear Industry 23 Construction Co Ltd signed the construction contract for installation of the nuclear island of the Xiapu fast reactor pilot project, following a tender process.
At a ceremony to mark the start of construction, CNNC chairman Wang Shoujun described the project as a major national nuclear science and technology project. He said it is of great significance for realising the closed nuclear fuel cycle, promoting the sustainable development of nuclear energy in China and promoting the development of the local economy.
Fast neutron reactors (FNRs) are seen as the main reactor technology for China, and CNNC expects the FNR to become predominant by mid-century. The country's research and development on fast neutron reactors started in 1964.
A 65 MWt fast neutron reactor - the Chinese Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) - near Beijing achieved criticality in July 2010, and was grid-connected a year later.
Based on this, a 600 MWe design - the CFR-600 - was developed by the China Institute of Atomic Energy. The Xiapu reactor will be a demonstration of that sodium-cooled pool-type fast reactor design. This will have an output of 1500 MW thermal power and 600 MW electric power. The reactor will use mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel with 100 GWd/t burnup, and will feature two coolant loops producing steam at 480°C. Later fuel will be metal with burnup of 100-120 GWd/t. The reactor will have active and passive shutdown systems and passive decay heat removal.
A commercial-scale unit - the CFR1000 - will have a capacity of 1000-1200 MWe. Subject to a 2020 decision to proceed, construction could start in December 2028, with operation from about 2034. That design will use metal fuel and 120-150 GWd/t burnup.
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-China-begins-building-pilot-fast-reactor-2912174.html
1月20日 17:26 来自 专业版微博
【示范快堆工程1号机组进入安装阶段】1月18日，示范快堆工程1号机组从土建阶段进入安装阶段 。快堆作为第四代先进核能技术，它可将天然铀资源利用率从目前的约1%提高至60%以上，并实现放射性废物最小化。
January 20 17:26 from Weibo
[Demonstration Fast Reactor Project Unit 1 enters the installation phase] On January 18, the demonstration fast reactor project Unit 1 entered the installation phase from the civil construction phase. As a fourth-generation advanced nuclear energy technology, fast reactors can increase the utilization rate of natural uranium resources from about 1% to more than 60%, and minimize radioactive waste.
JSCh
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UK HPR1000 moves to final design assessment stage
13 February 2020
The UK's Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) and the Environment Agency have completed Step 3 - "overall design, safety case and security arguments review" - in their scrutiny of the UK HPR1000 reactor design. They will now start the fourth and final stage in the Generic Design Assessment (GDA) process - "detailed design, safety case, and security evidence assessment".
UK HPR1000 generic design (Image: CGN)
The UK HPR1000 is the Hualong One design that General Nuclear Services - a subsidiary of EDF and China General Nuclear - proposes to use at a prospective new nuclear power plant in Bradwell, England.
"The objective for GDA is to provide confidence that the proposed design is capable of being constructed, operated and decommissioned in accordance with the standards of safety, security and environmental protection required in Great Britain," Ana Gomez-Cobo, ONR’s head of UK HPR1000 regulation, said.
"Our assessment to date has not identified any fundamental safety or security shortfalls that would prevent us issuing a Design Acceptance Confirmation (DAC) for the UK HPR1000 design. However, we have identified a number of areas for which further substantiation is needed from the Requesting Party; these have been captured as Regulatory Observations. Although progress so far is encouraging, a lot of work by the Requesting Party is still required. We will continue to rigorously assess safety and security submissions throughout Step 4 of GDA."
The GDA is a voluntary process for reactor vendors - it is policy rather than law - but it is a government expectation for all new-build projects in the UK. In January 2017, the British government formally requested regulators start the process for the UK HPR1000. The regulators, who have said they aim to complete the GDA of the UK HPR1000 in late 2021, have published a report summarising their Step 3 assessment here.
Researched and written by World Nuclear News
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/UK-HPR1000-moves-to-final-design-assessment-stage
13 February 2020
The UK's Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) and the Environment Agency have completed Step 3 - "overall design, safety case and security arguments review" - in their scrutiny of the UK HPR1000 reactor design. They will now start the fourth and final stage in the Generic Design Assessment (GDA) process - "detailed design, safety case, and security evidence assessment".
The UK HPR1000 is the Hualong One design that General Nuclear Services - a subsidiary of EDF and China General Nuclear - proposes to use at a prospective new nuclear power plant in Bradwell, England.
"The objective for GDA is to provide confidence that the proposed design is capable of being constructed, operated and decommissioned in accordance with the standards of safety, security and environmental protection required in Great Britain," Ana Gomez-Cobo, ONR’s head of UK HPR1000 regulation, said.
"Our assessment to date has not identified any fundamental safety or security shortfalls that would prevent us issuing a Design Acceptance Confirmation (DAC) for the UK HPR1000 design. However, we have identified a number of areas for which further substantiation is needed from the Requesting Party; these have been captured as Regulatory Observations. Although progress so far is encouraging, a lot of work by the Requesting Party is still required. We will continue to rigorously assess safety and security submissions throughout Step 4 of GDA."
The GDA is a voluntary process for reactor vendors - it is policy rather than law - but it is a government expectation for all new-build projects in the UK. In January 2017, the British government formally requested regulators start the process for the UK HPR1000. The regulators, who have said they aim to complete the GDA of the UK HPR1000 in late 2021, have published a report summarising their Step 3 assessment here.
Researched and written by World Nuclear News
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/UK-HPR1000-moves-to-final-design-assessment-stage
JSCh
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Today at 12:13 from the professional version of Weibo
[Hualong No. 1 and fast reactor demonstration project full resumption] Up to now, the units of "Hualong No. 1" and Xiapu demonstration fast reactor project site have maintained a "zero infection" record, and the total number of safety returnees on the site has exceeded 4,500. Maintaining continuous safe construction and commissioning during the Spring Festival lays a solid foundation for completing the annual goals of the two major engineering projects.
JSCh
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China's nuclear power output jumps 18% year on year
24 February 2020
China's nuclear electricity generation rose by 18.1% last year, to 348.13 TWh, which is up from 286.15 TWh in 2018, figures from China's National Energy Administration show. Nuclear's share of total electricity production was 4.88% last year, up from 4.22%. According to the National Development and Reform Commission, China aims to have 200 GWe of nuclear generating capacity in place by 2035, out of a total generating capacity of 2600 GWe. Under those plans, thermal power plant capacity is expected to increase from 1190.6 GWe in 2019 to 1300 GWe in 2035.
Unit 2 of the Taishan plant in China's Guangdong province entered commercial operation in September 2019 (Image: China General Nuclear)
Its nuclear generating capacity increased by 9.1% year on year, from 44.64 GWe to 48.74 GWe, which followed an 18% increase in capacity between 2017 and 2018. Two power reactors were connected to China's grid in 2019 - Yangjiang unit 6 and Taishan unit 2. Total electricity generating capacity grew 5.8% in 2019, to 2010.7 GWe, from 1899.0 GWe in 2018.
There are a further 12 reactors under construction in China, with a combined capacity of 12,244 MWe. Another 42 units are planned, which will add 48,660 MWe of capacity, with more reactors proposed.
China's total electricity generation totalled 7142.2 TWh in 2019, a 5.2% increase from the 6791.42 TWh produced in 2018. The majority of its electricity is still produced by thermal power plants (predominantly from coal), which accounted for 72.3% of output last year. Hydro, wind and solar provided 16.1%, 5.0% and 1.6%, respectively.
Researched and written by World Nuclear News
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/...generating-capacity-continued-to-gr?feed=feed
24 February 2020
China's nuclear electricity generation rose by 18.1% last year, to 348.13 TWh, which is up from 286.15 TWh in 2018, figures from China's National Energy Administration show. Nuclear's share of total electricity production was 4.88% last year, up from 4.22%. According to the National Development and Reform Commission, China aims to have 200 GWe of nuclear generating capacity in place by 2035, out of a total generating capacity of 2600 GWe. Under those plans, thermal power plant capacity is expected to increase from 1190.6 GWe in 2019 to 1300 GWe in 2035.
Unit 2 of the Taishan plant in China's Guangdong province entered commercial operation in September 2019 (Image: China General Nuclear)
Its nuclear generating capacity increased by 9.1% year on year, from 44.64 GWe to 48.74 GWe, which followed an 18% increase in capacity between 2017 and 2018. Two power reactors were connected to China's grid in 2019 - Yangjiang unit 6 and Taishan unit 2. Total electricity generating capacity grew 5.8% in 2019, to 2010.7 GWe, from 1899.0 GWe in 2018.
There are a further 12 reactors under construction in China, with a combined capacity of 12,244 MWe. Another 42 units are planned, which will add 48,660 MWe of capacity, with more reactors proposed.
China's total electricity generation totalled 7142.2 TWh in 2019, a 5.2% increase from the 6791.42 TWh produced in 2018. The majority of its electricity is still produced by thermal power plants (predominantly from coal), which accounted for 72.3% of output last year. Hydro, wind and solar provided 16.1%, 5.0% and 1.6%, respectively.
Researched and written by World Nuclear News
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/...generating-capacity-continued-to-gr?feed=feed
JSCh
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Permits issued for construction of new Chinese plant
15 October 2019
Construction licences have been issued for units 1 and 2 of the Zhangzhou nuclear power plant in China's Fujian province. The units were originally planned to be based on Westinghouse's AP1000 design, but will now feature domestically-designed Hualong One reactors.
A rendering of a plant based on the Hualong One reactor design (Image: CGN)
China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the construction licences on 9 October to CNNC-Guodian Zhangzhou Energy Company, the owner of Zhangzhou nuclear power project which was created by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) (51%) and China Guodian Corporation (49%) in 2011. The licences are valid for 10 years.
The ministry said the submitted application documents complied with relevant national laws and nuclear safety regulations. It said the design principles and nuclear safety related activities at the Zhangzhou plant "meet the basic requirements of China's nuclear safety regulations, and the construction conditions are already in place".
The ministry has organised and supervised inspections of the on-site preparation of the nuclear island of Zhangzhou unit 1. It said the pouring of first concrete can take place once proposed "rectification requirements" have been completed and approved by the regulator.
"At present, your company is implementing rectification as required," the ministry said. "At the same time, the first tank of concrete of unit 2's nuclear island foundation is set as the control point." Once on-site preparation work for that unit's foundation has been inspected and approved, first concrete pouring can proceed, it said.
In May 2014, the local government gave approval for Phase I of the Zhangzhou plant, comprising two AP1000 units. The National Nuclear Safety Administration gave approval in December 2015 for the AP1000 units and confirmed site selection in October 2016. Construction of Phase I had originally been expected to start in May 2017. However, CNNC subsequently decided to use the Hualong One design instead. Two more Hualong One are planned for Phase II of the plant and a further two proposed for Phase III.
In late-2016, Germany's KSB Group was awarded a contract for six reactor coolant pumps for Zhangzhou 1 and 2, to be delivered in 2020 and 2021. In mid-2017, China Nuclear Industry No24 Construction Company won the contract for the nuclear island civil engineering. In February 2019, CNNC subsidiary China National Nuclear Power released its environmental impact assessment for public comment.
Hualong One reactors are currently under construction at Fuqing and Fangchenggang. Fuqing 5 and 6 are expected to start up in 2019 and 2020, as are Fangchenggang 3 and 4. The Hualong One promoted on the international market is called the HPR1000, two of which are under construction at Karachi in Pakistan.
Researched and written by World Nuclear News
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Permits-issued-for-construction-of-new-Chinese-pla
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Hot functional tests (HFT) have been completed on the reactor of China's first nuclear power project using Hualong One technology, a domestically developed third-generation reactor design. They were conducted by staff in Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant, southeast China's Fujian Province.
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Key components of second HTR-PM reactor connected
25 March 2020
The reactor pressure vessel, steam generator and hot gas duct of the second reactor at China's demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) have been successfully paired and connected, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) announced today.
Construction of the demonstration HTR-PM unit at Shidaowan (Image: CNNC)
Work began on the demonstration HTR-PM unit - which features two small reactors and a turbine - at China Huaneng's Shidaowan site in Weihai city, in East China’s Shandong province, in December 2012. China Huaneng is the lead organisation in the consortium to build the demonstration units together with CNNC subsidiary China Nuclear Engineering Corporation (CNEC) and Tsinghua University's Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, which is the research and development leader. Chinergy, a joint venture of Tsinghua and CNEC, is the main contractor for the nuclear island.
The pressure vessel of the first reactor was installed within the unit's containment building in March 2016. The vessel - about 25 metres in height and weighing about 700 tonnes - was manufactured by Shanghai Electric Nuclear Power Equipment. The second reactor pressure vessel was installed later that year.
CNNC said the "pairing of the key nodes" of the second reactor was completed on March 18. The pressure vessel, steam generator and hot gas duct, it said, have been "rigidly connected in the form of a flange to form a primary circuit system for the thermal energy transmission of the reactor, which constitutes a second barrier to prevent the leakage of radioactive materials."
The key node pairing creates "the necessary prerequisites for the subsequent reinstallation of the low-temperature helium riser of the steam generator, the installation of the main steam detachable pipe section and the installation of the main helium fan," CNNC said.
The demonstration plant's twin HTR-PM reactors will drive a single 210 MWe turbine. Helium gas will be used as the primary circuit coolant. The steam generator transfers heat from helium coolant to a water/steam loop. The design temperature of the HTR-PM reaches 750 degrees Celsius. A further 18 such HTR-PM units are proposed at Shidaowan.
Beyond HTR-PM, China proposes a scaled-up version called HTR-PM600, which sees one large turbine rated at 650 MWe driven by some six HTR-PM reactor units. Feasibility studies on HTR-PM600 deployment are under way for Sanmen, Zhejiang province; Ruijin, Jiangxi province; Xiapu and Wan'an, in Fujian province; and Bai'an, Guangdong province.
Researched and written by World Nuclear News
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/...-of-second-HTR-PM-reactor-connected?feed=feed
25 March 2020
The reactor pressure vessel, steam generator and hot gas duct of the second reactor at China's demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) have been successfully paired and connected, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) announced today.
Construction of the demonstration HTR-PM unit at Shidaowan (Image: CNNC)
Work began on the demonstration HTR-PM unit - which features two small reactors and a turbine - at China Huaneng's Shidaowan site in Weihai city, in East China’s Shandong province, in December 2012. China Huaneng is the lead organisation in the consortium to build the demonstration units together with CNNC subsidiary China Nuclear Engineering Corporation (CNEC) and Tsinghua University's Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, which is the research and development leader. Chinergy, a joint venture of Tsinghua and CNEC, is the main contractor for the nuclear island.
The pressure vessel of the first reactor was installed within the unit's containment building in March 2016. The vessel - about 25 metres in height and weighing about 700 tonnes - was manufactured by Shanghai Electric Nuclear Power Equipment. The second reactor pressure vessel was installed later that year.
CNNC said the "pairing of the key nodes" of the second reactor was completed on March 18. The pressure vessel, steam generator and hot gas duct, it said, have been "rigidly connected in the form of a flange to form a primary circuit system for the thermal energy transmission of the reactor, which constitutes a second barrier to prevent the leakage of radioactive materials."
The key node pairing creates "the necessary prerequisites for the subsequent reinstallation of the low-temperature helium riser of the steam generator, the installation of the main steam detachable pipe section and the installation of the main helium fan," CNNC said.
The demonstration plant's twin HTR-PM reactors will drive a single 210 MWe turbine. Helium gas will be used as the primary circuit coolant. The steam generator transfers heat from helium coolant to a water/steam loop. The design temperature of the HTR-PM reaches 750 degrees Celsius. A further 18 such HTR-PM units are proposed at Shidaowan.
Beyond HTR-PM, China proposes a scaled-up version called HTR-PM600, which sees one large turbine rated at 650 MWe driven by some six HTR-PM reactor units. Feasibility studies on HTR-PM600 deployment are under way for Sanmen, Zhejiang province; Ruijin, Jiangxi province; Xiapu and Wan'an, in Fujian province; and Bai'an, Guangdong province.
Researched and written by World Nuclear News
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/...-of-second-HTR-PM-reactor-connected?feed=feed
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China's 'artificial sun' runs at 100 million degrees for 10 seconds - cnTechPost
April 2, 2020
China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), the "artificial sun", has successfully run at 100 million degrees Celsius for nearly 10 seconds, marking a major breakthrough, according to CCTV.
Nuclear fusion is seen as the ultimate solution to mankind's energy problems, and the problem now is that fusion technology is not mature enough.
One solution is superconducting tokamak, which uses magnetic constraints to control plasma heating to achieve ultra-high temperatures.
EAST is located at the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASHIPS) and is billed as an open test facility for conducting steady-state operations and ITER-related physics research by both Chinese and international scientists.
EAST is also known as the artificial sun because its goal is to provide energy for humanity through nuclear fusion like the Sun.
In 2017, for the first time in the world, EAST achieved a high confinement operation of 101.2 seconds of continuous plasma discharge at 50 million degrees, achieving a leap from the 60-second to 100-second order of magnitude.
At the end of 2018, it reached a core plasma temperature of over 100 million degrees Celsius - that's more than six times hotter than the interior of the Sun - and heating power of 10 MW, enabling the study of various aspects of practical nuclear fusion in the process.
If the temperature of over 100 million degrees Celsius can be maintained for a longer period of time, then mankind is really not far from solving the commercial application of nuclear fusion, but that day may be a long time away.
April 2, 2020
China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), the "artificial sun", has successfully run at 100 million degrees Celsius for nearly 10 seconds, marking a major breakthrough, according to CCTV.
Nuclear fusion is seen as the ultimate solution to mankind's energy problems, and the problem now is that fusion technology is not mature enough.
One solution is superconducting tokamak, which uses magnetic constraints to control plasma heating to achieve ultra-high temperatures.
EAST is located at the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASHIPS) and is billed as an open test facility for conducting steady-state operations and ITER-related physics research by both Chinese and international scientists.
EAST is also known as the artificial sun because its goal is to provide energy for humanity through nuclear fusion like the Sun.
In 2017, for the first time in the world, EAST achieved a high confinement operation of 101.2 seconds of continuous plasma discharge at 50 million degrees, achieving a leap from the 60-second to 100-second order of magnitude.
At the end of 2018, it reached a core plasma temperature of over 100 million degrees Celsius - that's more than six times hotter than the interior of the Sun - and heating power of 10 MW, enabling the study of various aspects of practical nuclear fusion in the process.
If the temperature of over 100 million degrees Celsius can be maintained for a longer period of time, then mankind is really not far from solving the commercial application of nuclear fusion, but that day may be a long time away.
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High-temperature, gas-cooled reactor achieves milestone | CNNC
Updated: 2020-04-29
The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project at Shidaowan nuclear power plant. [Photo/CNNC]
A major milestone was achieved at the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, also known as the HTGR project -- located at the Shidaowan nuclear power plant in Weihai city, in East China's Shandong province -- according to local officials.
They said the reactor is a key national science and technology project.
Officials said the steam generator shell, hot gas duct shell and reactor pressure vessel shell of the No 1 reactor in the demonstration project were successfully paired on April 28.
Experts explained that the precise pairing marked that the point where project will welcome the installation of the main helium fan -- and has laid a solid foundation for cold performance tests that are scheduled to be completed this year.
Workers get busy with the steam generator shell, hot gas duct shell and reactor pressure vessel shell pairing of the No 1 reactor of the HTGR. [Photo/CNNC]
The HTGR is a China-developed fourth generation of advanced nuclear energy technology, with a wide range of advantages that include inherent safety, a high localization rate of equipment, modular design, adaptability to small and medium power grids and the capability for extensive use.
According to experts, they have the utmost confidence that a reactor core meltdown accident will not happen in any accident situation.
This will fully meet the higher requirements for nuclear safety these days and realize the efficient and multi-purpose utilization of nuclear energy, they added.
Updated: 2020-04-29
A major milestone was achieved at the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, also known as the HTGR project -- located at the Shidaowan nuclear power plant in Weihai city, in East China's Shandong province -- according to local officials.
They said the reactor is a key national science and technology project.
Officials said the steam generator shell, hot gas duct shell and reactor pressure vessel shell of the No 1 reactor in the demonstration project were successfully paired on April 28.
Experts explained that the precise pairing marked that the point where project will welcome the installation of the main helium fan -- and has laid a solid foundation for cold performance tests that are scheduled to be completed this year.
The HTGR is a China-developed fourth generation of advanced nuclear energy technology, with a wide range of advantages that include inherent safety, a high localization rate of equipment, modular design, adaptability to small and medium power grids and the capability for extensive use.
According to experts, they have the utmost confidence that a reactor core meltdown accident will not happen in any accident situation.
This will fully meet the higher requirements for nuclear safety these days and realize the efficient and multi-purpose utilization of nuclear energy, they added.
JSCh
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Chinese-French consortium successfully lifts 1,250-ton base for mega fusion reactor amid pandemic
Source:Global Times Published: 2020/5/29 13:09:33
CNNC File Photo: Xinhua
A Chinese-French consortium headed by the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) on Thursday successfully lifted a 1,250-ton base for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in the South of France, a staged achievement for China’s nuclear sector amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
The cryostat base, the first major component installed for the mainstay of the ITER tokamak device - the fusion reactor core - lays a foundation for all important equipment of the tokamak machine, one of the world's most ambitious energy projects. Therefore, the accuracy and progress of the base’s installation is considered a “golden point” for ITER, CNNC said in a posting on its official WeChat account.
A controlled fusion device, commonly known as an artificial sun, is intended to secure the world’s energy future. The ITER facility, a global big science project second only to the International Space Station in size, is being jointly constructed by China, the EU, India, Japan, South Korea, Russia and the US. Its success is significant to future peaceful utilization of international fusion.
Thursday’s achievement set a new record for hoisting major equipment in China’s nuclear sector, measured by lifted weight and accuracy of installation, per CNNC’s WeChat post.
The consortium managed to overcome multiple adverse impacts during the pandemic, including those related to staff dispatch and work equipment procurement, to make its breakthrough.
The CNNC-headed consortium signed a contract with ITER in September 2019 for the installation of the most important part of the tokamak.
China is also working on its homegrown artificial sun.
The HL-2M Tokamak, the country’s next-generation artificial sun, is expected to be put into operation in 2020, the Xinhua News Agency reported in November 2019.
“The new apparatus, with a more advanced structure and control mode, is expected to generate plasmas hotter than 200 million degrees Celsius,” according to Xinhua, citing Duan Xuru, head of the Southwestern Institute of Physics under CNNC.
The device is envisioned to offer key technical support for the nation’s participation in the ITER project, as well as for the self-designing and building of fusion machines, he noted.
Source:Global Times Published: 2020/5/29 13:09:33
A Chinese-French consortium headed by the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) on Thursday successfully lifted a 1,250-ton base for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in the South of France, a staged achievement for China’s nuclear sector amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
The cryostat base, the first major component installed for the mainstay of the ITER tokamak device - the fusion reactor core - lays a foundation for all important equipment of the tokamak machine, one of the world's most ambitious energy projects. Therefore, the accuracy and progress of the base’s installation is considered a “golden point” for ITER, CNNC said in a posting on its official WeChat account.
A controlled fusion device, commonly known as an artificial sun, is intended to secure the world’s energy future. The ITER facility, a global big science project second only to the International Space Station in size, is being jointly constructed by China, the EU, India, Japan, South Korea, Russia and the US. Its success is significant to future peaceful utilization of international fusion.
Thursday’s achievement set a new record for hoisting major equipment in China’s nuclear sector, measured by lifted weight and accuracy of installation, per CNNC’s WeChat post.
The consortium managed to overcome multiple adverse impacts during the pandemic, including those related to staff dispatch and work equipment procurement, to make its breakthrough.
The CNNC-headed consortium signed a contract with ITER in September 2019 for the installation of the most important part of the tokamak.
China is also working on its homegrown artificial sun.
The HL-2M Tokamak, the country’s next-generation artificial sun, is expected to be put into operation in 2020, the Xinhua News Agency reported in November 2019.
“The new apparatus, with a more advanced structure and control mode, is expected to generate plasmas hotter than 200 million degrees Celsius,” according to Xinhua, citing Duan Xuru, head of the Southwestern Institute of Physics under CNNC.
The device is envisioned to offer key technical support for the nation’s participation in the ITER project, as well as for the self-designing and building of fusion machines, he noted.
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CNNC unveils key safety technology
By Zheng Xin | China Daily | Updated: 2018-12-07 10:08
The stand of CNNC at an industry expo in Beijing. [Photo by A Jing/For China Daily]
China National Nuclear Corp, the State-owned nuclear power company, released its domestically-developed high-safety nuclear power plant distributed control system platform on Thursday.
Known as the central nervous system of nuclear power plants, the nuclear advanced safety instrument and control platform, also called the Longlin system, plays an important role in ensuring nuclear projects' safety and stability and enables China to have a DCS with complete independent intellectual property rights, said the company.
Some of the key standards are in accordance with the international level, it said, while it will also help boost China's nuclear technology exports, it said.
Only a handful of developed countries have mastered the technology of the nuclear-grade DCS platform, which is critical for the safe shutdown and accident mitigation for reactors.
Analysts believe as the core technology of the systems is one of the key components of a nuclear power station, China must conduct original innovation.
It is believed the country will step up nuclear development with the implementation of the Longlin system, said Ye Qizhen, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and also an expert on nuclear reactors and nuclear-power engineering.
According to CNNC, all of the design, verification and testing of the program is in accordance with the most advanced and strictest standards worldwide, while the system also uses advanced information security technology.
The Longlin system is a result of the company's more than 60 years of experience in integrating nuclear power engineering design, the research and development of the digital instrument control equipment and equipment manufacturing and supply.
The system could be applied in nuclear power plants, research reactors and small reactors, it said.
Yu Jianfeng, CNNC's chairman, said earlier that development of the nuclear industry over the past 60 years has proved that nuclear science and technology is strategically important. China must insist on independent innovation.
The company said it would pay a great deal of attention to the working conditions of scientists, an important factor in improving the company's core competitiveness.
"We will enable scientists undertaking major military projects and scientific and technological innovations to receive high salaries, and stimulate the creativity of talent to the greatest extent," he said.
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