Chinese people are practical, clothing is for practicality, normally people just wear what they like. Traditional clothing of different eras are celebrated on occasion, such as on TV programs, weddings, cultural events, etc.
In China different regions/ethnic groups/time periods have different clothing.
Qing dynasty fur coat and a modern version. The fur coat is traditional Chinese clothing.
There is a movement of "hanfu revival" (even hanfu is different in different time periods) but traditional clothing will never be brought back in its original form for the masses, it will evolve. The trend most likely to succeed is incorporating stylistic aspects of traditional clothing into practical modern attire, thats a job for fashion designers.
China's counterpart of to the western suit is the Chinese tunic suit some times called Zhongshan suit or Mao suit, named after Sun Zhongshan and Mao Zedong.
Chinese tunic suit
Which evolved from the Changshan from the Qing dynasty. The "kung fu suit" also derived from the Changshan.
Changshan
Plenty of Chinese people wear Chinese styled clothing from time to time if they feel like it, plus there isn't an unified design. The pictures I have found cannot represent all Chinese clothing.
People do wear traditional styled clothing, though they tend to be more designer and expensive than a t-shirt and sweater. Quite a lot of Chinese have traditional styled jackets. Modern renditions of traditional style can be found on Taobao.
Chinese culture/civilisation is not passed down through a particular article of clothing, but rather its literature and philosophy. Even then, Chinese people don't adhere to ancient philosophy or literature fundamentally, they pick up certain elements as reference to help them in their current environment. China will not cease to exist because of clothing in fact it will help China evolve and stay relevant into the future.