Guys, let's try to avoid religious discussion as best as we can.
So the two cases I searched and found initially (Abu Afak and Asma Bint Marwan) are not sahih ahadith, and have questionable authenticity due to one major weakness in isnad.
However we do have the prominent cases of two cases of Musaylimah al Kazzab and Ka'ab bin Ashraf.
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Sahih al Bukhari on Ka'ab bin Ashraf
Volume 4, Book 52, Number 270:
Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah:
The Prophet said, "Who is ready to kill Ka'b bin Al-Ashraf who has really hurt Allah and His Apostle?" Muhammad bin Maslama said, "O Allah's Apostle! Do you like me to kill him?" He replied in the affirmative. So, Muhammad bin Maslama went to him (i.e. Ka'b) and said, "This person (i.e. the Prophet) has put us to task and asked us for charity." Ka'b replied, "By Allah, you will get tired of him." Muhammad said to him, "We have followed him, so we dislike to leave him till we see the end of his affair." Muhammad bin Maslama went on talking to him in this way till he got the chance to kill him.
Volume 4, Book 52, Number 271
Narrated Jabir:
The Prophet said, "Who is ready to kill Ka'b bin Ashraf (i.e. a Jew)." Muhammad bin Maslama replied, "Do you like me to kill him?" The Prophet replied in the affirmative. Muhammad bin Maslama said, "Then allow me to say what I like." The Prophet replied, "I do (i.e. allow you)."
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Sunan Abi Dawud on Musaylimah's people
Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud:
Harithah ibn Mudarrib said that he came to Abdullah ibn Mas'ud and said (to him): There is no enmity between me and any of the Arabs. I passed a mosque of Banu Hanifah. They (the people) believed in Musaylimah. Abdullah (ibn Mas'ud) sent for them. They were brought, and he asked them to repent, except Ibn an-Nawwahah. He said to him: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: Were it not that you were not a messenger, I would behead you. But today you are not a messenger. He then ordered Qarazah ibn Ka'b (to kill him). He beheaded him in the market. Anyone who wants to see Ibn an-Nawwahah slain in the market (he may see him).
Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 2762
In-book reference : Book 15, Hadith 286
English translation : Book 14, Hadith 2756
https://sunnah.com/abudawud/15/286
Please do not ask me to expand on this post. I will not.