You need missile head that has a picture memory in it---once it sees the aircraft and matches it to the picture memory---it heads that way---.
Visual spectrum memory retention is not new, but it is memory space intensive, especially under combat maneuvers. Further, there is the problem of design evolution.
Take a look at the JF-17 and the F-16. They are very similar in terms of basic design layout. Not identical, just similar but similar enough that unless you look at the details, you can mistake one for the other. This is not WW I where you can distinguish out the Baron's tri-plane design from the Camel's typical bi-plane design. Modern air forces' needs have moved beyond the %50 threshold towards multi-role multi-missions designs, which necessitates similar compromises.
For example, if you want three hardpoints per wing, taken into consideration of munitions you carry for that multi-role multi-missions requirement, your wing span will be very similar to another design's wing span.
So for your visual spectrum identification design, you will need a higher than typical memory space capability, plus the processing power, then coupled them with high resolution optics, which is not new but can be physically imposing since now you must protect the optics from shock and environment.
The system will have to remember the physical details of the JF-17 and the F-16 since the major structures are similar enough to each other. Do you want the pilot to have any inputs like the current optical guidance system ? Air-air combat is not the same as going after a tank or a fixed SAM station. The tank is an excellent example of design similarities. All tanks pretty much looks alike. You need human guidance to tell the Abrams from the Leopard.
What you asks for is not impossible. We already have the basic technologies, although they are spread out thru other weapons systems. For an air-air missile that have sensor integration of optical identification with radar returns will require a dedicated program with its own 'untouchable' financing to achieve design goals.
