India refused Vietnam‘s request of transfer of technology.
Not really anti-US, since it is mostly Duterte and his followers, and while most Filipinos has suspicions with the US, they prefer the US over China, specially after seeing the effects of the sudden influx of Mainlanders to the Philippines - including rising real property prices, unruly tourists that does "call of nature" nearly everywhere, Mainlander-only establishments and enclaves, offshore online gaming that lead to crimes committed by Mainlanders against other Mainlanders, illegal "body-selling" dens, general distrust of Mainlanders, etc.
As for why an air-launched version is also required? Simple answer - a multirole fighter procurement proposal.
