Early 1979
U.S. officials consider the option of sabotaging the uranium enrichment facility being constructed in Pakistan. The option is rejected owing to its dangerous nature and political infeasibility.
-- Richard Burt, Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 17 August 1979, Pg. 6, Column 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 August 1979,
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21 January 1979
At a banquet in honor of visiting Chinese Vice-Premier Li Xiannian, Pakistan's ruler General Zia ul-Haq expresses hope for the creation of a nuclear-free zone in South Asia. In his speech, the Chinese vice-premier expresses support for such a zone.
--"Pakistan President Fetes Chinese Vice-Premier," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 23 January 1978; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 23 January1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
January 1979
The United States initiates a diplomatic dialog with the Pakistani government after the U.S. government acquires concrete evidence of Pakistan's uranium enrichment program.
--Don Oberdorfer, Michael Gatier, and Maralee Schwartz, "Pakistan: The Quest for Atomic Bomb; Problem Discussed by West, Moscow, Peking," Washington Post, 27 August 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
Mid-February 1979
India's Prime Minister Morarji Desai writes a letter to Pakistani President General Zia ul-Haq expressing concern over Pakistan's nuclear weapons program. Indian scientists are reported to have learned from European commercial sources about Pakistan's recent acquisition of large quantities of 'maraging steel,' an extremely hard variety of steel used to make critical components of a gas centrifuge uranium enrichment system. President Zia ul-Haq, in his reply, denies any nuclear weapons program and proposes a joint Indo-Pakistani declaration renouncing nuclear weapons and placing all nuclear facilities in both countries under international inspections.
--Don Oberdorfer, Washington Post, 7 April 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
February 1979
The French government retains an ambiguous attitude toward French companies that have contracts for the delivery of mechanical and nuclear-sensitive parts for the plutonium reprocessing plant that was to be built with French assistance in Pakistan. At the urging of Foreign Minister Jean Francois-Poncet, Industry Minister Andre Giraud issues a formal notice to French companies not to supply any further equipment for the Chashma nuclear reprocessing plant.
--Steve Weissman & Herbert Krosney, "More Bang for a Buck," The Islamic Bomb: The Nuclear Threat to Israel and the Middle East, (New York: 1981, Times Books), p. 200.
1-2 March 1979
U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher visits Pakistan. Among the list of high priority items for discussion is Pakistan's construction of a uranium enrichment facility. During the talks, Christopher fails to persuade the Pakistani leader General Zia ul-Haq to abandon the construction of the uranium enrichment plant.
--Don Oberdorfer, Washington Post, 7 April 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis Don Oberdorfer, Michael Gatier, and Maralee Schwartz, "Pakistan: The Quest for Atomic Bomb; Problem Discussed by West, Moscow, Peking," Washington Post, 27 August 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
23 March 1979
The U.S. government tightens its export control laws to include inverters and other components that could be used to build a uranium enrichment plant.
--Don Oberdorfer, Michael Gatier, and Maralee Schwartz, "Pakistan: The Quest for Atomic Bomb; Problem Discussed by West, Moscow, Peking," Washington Post, 27 August 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
March 1979
The United States approaches Pakistan to allow international inspections of its nuclear research facilities. Pakistan rejects the request calling it discriminatory since other nations possessing nuclear research programs have not been asked to open their facilities for inspections.
--"Pakistan Reaction to Cut in Aid by US Over Nuclear Programme," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 12 April 1979, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/6089/A1/2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 12 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
March - Early April 1979
According to U.S. officials, Pakistan is informed in an informal way regarding an impending cutoff in economic and military aid.
--Don Oberdorfer, Washington Post, 7 April 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
6 April 1979
The United States informs Pakistan of its decision to cut off economic and military aid as a result of Pakistan's efforts to secretly build a uranium enrichment facility that can produce weapons grade uranium. A U.S. State Department spokesperson also says that the U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan has been recalled for "consultations." Pakistani embassy minister Hayat Mehdi is informed that the United States is "winding down in an orderly manner our aid" as required by an amendment to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Act. Pakistan's Washington embassy spokesperson Khalid Ali calls the aid cutoff as "unfair and discriminatory" and insists that Pakistan is not pursing atomic weapons. Ali points out that no aid cutoff was imposed on India despite its nuclear test and the absence of international inspections in its facilities. The aid cutoff is imposed after the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) confirms reports from European intelligence services that Pakistan is acquiring the ability to make nuclear weapons. Diplomatic efforts failed to persuade Pakistan to place the enrichment facility under international inspection and safeguards. According to U.S. officials, the execution of former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto did not have any bearing on the decision to cancel the aid. The cancelled amount involves $40 million that was approved for fiscal '79 and the entire $45 million that was approved for fiscal '80. An amount of $40 million for food aid is not cancelled. A small military training program grant of $600,000 is also cancelled under the cutoff. However, Pakistan is permitted to purchase equipment from the United States. According to U.S. officials, Pakistan is in the beginning stages of the construction of a uranium enrichment facility based on the URENCO enrichment process. According to U.S. officials, Pakistan will require many years to produce a nuclear bomb. Pakistan, however, is believed to have acquired most of the equipment needed to operate the plant. The United States also believes that Pakistan's ability to procure the equipment from European companies reinforces the inadequacy of existing export control mechanisms regarding sensitive technology. U.S. State department officials insist that the construction of the facility has been continuing for quite some time and reveal that high-level talks have been held between the United States and Pakistan on the issue.
--Don Oberdorfer, Washington Post, 7 April 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis Richard Burt, Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 7 April 1979, Pg. 1, Column 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "Pakistan Foreign Ministry Spokesman on US Economic Aid Stoppage," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 9 April 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 9 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "US Cuts Aid to Pakistan; A-Arms Threat Cited," Facts on File World News Digest, 20 April 1979, World Affairs; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 20 April 1979,
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8 April 1979
A spokesperson of Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs issues a statement denying that Pakistan intends to develop nuclear weapons under the guise of a peaceful nuclear program. The spokesperson terms the aid cutoff as an "act of discrimination against Pakistan." The spokesperson says, "Pakistan which has subjected its nuclear facilities to international inspection has been deprived of its economic aid. Such a policy cannot be termed fair." The spokesperson adds that Pakistan is willing to accept all safeguards arrangements for its peaceful nuclear research if such safeguards are applied in a non-discriminatory manner. The spokesperson explains that Pakistan is willing to have safeguards imposed on its facilities if the United States insists on similar safeguards on the nuclear programs of other countries that have acquired nuclear weapons capability or on the threshold of acquiring nuclear weapons capability. The spokesperson states that Pakistan could not unilaterally allow inspections on its nuclear facilities unless countries with more advanced nuclear programs allow such inspections. The spokesperson also denies that Pakistan is receiving assistance from Libya and other countries for its nuclear program. The spokesperson also indicates that Pakistan had proposed a reciprocal inspection process between India and Pakistan of their nuclear facilities. The proposal, according to the spokesperson, was rejected by India.
--"Pakistan Reaction to Cut in Aid by US Over Nuclear Programme," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 12 April 1979, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/6089/A1/2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 12 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "Pakistan Foreign Ministry Spokesman on US Economic Aid Stoppage," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 9 April 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 9 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
9 April 1979
Pakistan denies attempts to produce nuclear weapons and links the imposition of aid cutoff to the influence of "Zionist circles" that fear that Pakistan's bomb will be used by the Muslim world to intimidate Israel. Certain reports suggest the involvement of Libya and Saudi Arabia in Pakistan's nuclear weapons program. According to these reports, Libya and Saudi Arabia are financing Pakistan's program in return for access to the nuclear devices.
--Robert Trumbull, Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 9 April 1979, Pg. 1, Column 2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 9 April 1979,
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17 April 1979
The United States plans to sell up to 50 Northrop F-5E Tiger fighter planes to Pakistan and provide assistance on its nuclear power, provided Pakistan agrees to restrict the production of nuclear weapons. The U.S. government also plans to provide diplomatic support "in principle" for Pakistan's initiative to create a nuclear-free zone in South Asia. Several U.S. officials, however, insist that the United States lost its leverage on Pakistan's nuclear program when it imposed a cutoff in military and economic aid on Pakistan. U.S. administration officials also indicate that efforts to persuade Pakistan to abandon its uranium enrichment plant have met with limited or no success. Pakistan insists that any application of safeguards on Pakistani nuclear facilities must be reciprocated by India and India's Prime Minister Morarji Desai refuses to consider any inspection mechanism for India's nuclear facilities. U.S. officials estimate that negotiations with India over the issue of safeguards might last at least until 1980. However, U.S. officials believe that the Pakistani issue needs to be handled in an urgent manner and cannot wait until Indo-U.S. negotiations are completed.
--Richard Burt, Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 17 April 1979, Pg. 3, Column 4; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 April 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
1 May 1979
In a testimony to the Senate Governmental Affairs Subcommittee on Nuclear Proliferation, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Thomas R. Pickering testifies that the United States has acted too late to keep Pakistan from acquiring the capacity to make nuclear weapons. Pickering states that Pakistan succeeded in obtaining sufficient special equipment for producing weapons grade uranium before its efforts were discovered. He further elaborates that Pakistan achieved its equipment requirements by conducting "end runs" around international export controls. Pickering adds, "We believe we have the capacity to slow down that kind of activity. But no one is willing to say ... we have the ability to stop it." Pakistan will be able to produce sufficient weapons grade uranium to make nuclear weapons in two to five years. Pickering also informs the Senate Subcommittee that diplomatic efforts to persuade Pakistan to abandon its military nuclear program have not produced positive results. India's nuclear explosion in 1974 as well as the general instability in the region contributed to Pakistan's decision to acquire nuclear weapons. Pickering denies that the United States is offering fighter planes and assistance to Pakistan's nuclear power program. He explains that the United States is "... concerned that Pakistan's program is not peaceful but related to an effort to develop a nuclear explosive capacity." However, Pickering refuses to discuss Libya's role in financing the program during the open session. Both he and U.S. Senator John Glenn (D-Ohio) agree that Pakistan worked around the export controls by procuring bits and pieces of equipment around the world by misstating that the components will be used for peaceful purposes like textile industry.
--Stuart Auerbach, "Panel Told Pakistan Gained A-Weapons Ability by 'End Runs'," Washington Post, 2 May 1979, First Section, A15; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 2 May 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
Spring 1979
Pakistan shuts down the reactor at the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP).
--Stuart Auerbach, "Pakistan Holds A-Option Open; Zia's Remarks Seen Likely to Fuel International Controversy Over his Country's Goals in its Nuclear Power Program," Washington Post, 28 October 1979, First Section, A17; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 28 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
Spring 1979
The U.S. government queries its Swiss counterpart on the sales of high-vacuum valves and the gasification and solidification unit that the Swiss companies VAT and CORA Engineering have sold to Pakistan. The United States also complains that another Swiss company Sulzer Brothers is likely helping Pakistan with plutonium reprocessing technology. On investigating the sales, the Swiss government concludes that the companies have acted legally as the aforementioned items are not on Switzerland's export control list.
--Steve Weissman & Herbert Krosney, "The Kindly Dr. Khan," The Islamic Bomb: The Nuclear Threat to Israel and the Middle East, (New York: 1981, Times Books), pp. 190-191.
1 May 1979
The U.S. State Department states that several European countries have pledged support in preventing Pakistan from further buying any equipment for its uranium enrichment program. The Swiss government also announces an investigation to probe the sales made by several Swiss companies to Pakistan. U.S. officials indicate that they are soliciting cooperation from Britain, France, West Germany, and Japan.
--Stuart Auerbach, "Panel Told Pakistan Gained A-Weapons Ability by 'End Runs'," Washington Post, 2 May 1979, First Section, A15; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 2 May 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
2 May 1979
U.S. officials confirm that Pakistan has started to build a plutonium plant that will provide an alternative to using weapons grade uranium for its nuclear weapons.
-- Richard Burt, Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 2 May 1979, Pg. 10, Column 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 2 May 1979,
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2 May 1979
Pakistan's Ambassador to the United Nations Niaz A. Naik rejects an American press report stating that Pakistan is planning to build a nuclear bomb. Naik states that non-peaceful uses of nuclear energy are not helpful for Pakistan's objectives. He also denies any funding of Pakistan's nuclear program by either Libya or other Arab countries. Naik blames the United States for not acting when 200 kg of material that can be used to make about 10 nuclear weapons had disappeared from the United States and was found in other countries. On the other hand, he points out that the United States is accusing Pakistan of making a nuclear bomb even if Pakistan is buying a simple steel pipe for its textile industry.
--"Other Reports: Pakistan Denies US Report on Nuclear Bomb Manufacture," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 12 May 1978, Part 3 The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/6114/A1/3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 12 May 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
3 May 1979
The Swiss government announces that it is investigating the sale of equipment to Pakistan that could be used to make enriched uranium for nuclear weapons. A Swiss government spokesperson indicates that the investigating authorities intend to find out the nature of deliveries made to Pakistan by the Swiss companies. The investigation will also verify if the exported equipment needed authorization for delivery. The spokesperson indicates that the United States prompted the Swiss government to investigate the matter.
--"Swiss Probe Sale to Pakistan," Washington Post, 3 May 1979, First Section, Around the World, A32; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 3 May 1979,
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21 May 1979
Pakistan and Maldives issue a Joint Statement reaffirming their support for the creation of a nuclear weapons-free zone in South Asia.
--"Pakistan, Maldives Call for Creation of Nuclear Free Zone in South Asia," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 22 May 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 22 May 1979,
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27 May 1979
The Carter administration proposes the creation of a nuclear weapons-free zone in South Asia in order to prevent an arms race between India and Pakistan. The proposal requires India and Pakistan to abandon the pursuit of nuclear weapons and allow international inspection of nuclear facilities. According to U.S. officials, the proposal will be backed with security guarantees by the United States, USSR, and China. The guarantor countries are also expected not to threaten either India or Pakistan with nuclear weapons.
--Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 27 May 1979, Pg. 8, Column 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 May 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
28 May 1979
The French Atomic Energy Chief Michel Pecqueur writes to President of CEA-owned industrial affiliate Cogema Georges Besse inquiring whether the company SGN is continuing technical assistance for the plutonium reprocessing facility in Pakistan, despite the cancellation of the contract by the French government. Pecqueur writes, "it is hardly necessary for me to stress the seriousness of the facts, should they be in any way confirmed, as transactions of this kind would call into question the national policy on nonproliferation at the very highest level."
--Steve Weissman & Herbert Krosney, "More Bang for a Buck," The Islamic Bomb: The Nuclear Threat to Israel and the Middle East, (New York: 1981, Times Books), p. 196.
31 May 1979
Georges Besse writes to SGN President F. X. Poincet inquiring whether SGN is continuing nuclear-related transfers to Pakistan. In his reply, Poincet denies that SGN is selling any contraband materials to Pakistan. He admits however that SGN is continuing with limited involvement in relation to "preparation of orders" for some Pakistanis who are still "resident" at SGN. However Poincet hints that Pakistan may have gone behind their backs to procure equipment specified in documents supplied by SGN earlier. The nuclear industry's trade journal Nucleonics Week alleges that Pakitsan has access to 95 percent of the design plans for the plutonium reprocessing facility and these will likely enable Pakistan to finish the plant despite the termination of French assistance.
--Steve Weissman & Herbert Krosney, "More Bang for a Buck," The Islamic Bomb: The Nuclear Threat to Israel and the Middle East, (New York: 1981, Times Books), p. 196.
16 June 1979
A spokesperson for Pakistan's embassy in Washington DC states that Pakistan did not request or receive any financial assistance from Libya for its peaceful nuclear program. The spokesperson indicates that Pakistan understands the concern over the spread of nuclear weapons, but cautions that discriminatory or selective policies will not decrease the threat. The spokesperson adds that Pakistan is willing to support any regional or collective efforts to tackle the threat of nuclear proliferation.
--"Pakistan Denial on Libyan Aid in Nuclear Programme," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 23 June 1979, Part 3 The Far East, 4. The Middle East, FE/6149/A4/2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 23 June 1979,
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Third Week of June 1979
The U.S. government forms an interagency taskforce comprising of officials from the State Department, Energy Department, Intelligence agencies, and military officials to frame policy options to deal with Pakistan's attempts to develop nuclear weapons. The interagency group, called the "Gerry Smith South Asian Study Group," is headed by Gerald C. Smith, the U.S. Ambassador-at-large for nonproliferation. The study group is expected to produce a report in September.
-- Don Oberdorfer, Michael Gatier, and Maralee Schwartz, "Pakistan: The Quest for Atomic Bomb; Problem Discussed by West, Moscow, Peking," Washington Post, 27 August 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
Late June 1979
The French Ambassador to Pakistan and his senior colleague are beaten outside the Kahuta nuclear research facility, 25 miles south of Islamabad. The French Ambassador and his colleague were apparently on a sightseeing tour.
--"Journalist Attacked," Washington Post, 30 June 1979, First Section, Around the World, A13; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 June 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "Pakistan: A Clue to the Bomb Mystery," Economist, 14 July 1979, World Politics and Current Affairs, International, Pg. 60; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 14 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis
28 June 1979
Pakistan allocates $48,000,000 for its nuclear program for the year 1979-80 in its annual budget. The funds will be utilized for various activities like buying equipment for laboratories and a nuclear research centre, uranium exploration, building a fuel reprocessing plant, and other administrative activities.
--"Pakistan Protest to UAA Over Nuclear Bomb Allegation," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 July 1979, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 4. The Middle East, FE/6163/A4/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
28 June 1979
Pakistan denies report that it is planning to conduct a nuclear test in October. Pakistan indicates that it will lodge a formal protest with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government over a report in the magazine Eight Days that reported that Pakistan is planning to conduct a nuclear test in October. The magazine is owned by Sayid Muhammad Mahdi at-Tajir, the UAE's Ambassador to Britain. A Pakistani Foreign Ministry official terms the report as "highly damaging and irresponsible" and claims that Pakistan did not procure any restricted equipment. The Pakistani official offers to open the Kahuta facility to international inspections and says that Pakistan will honor international safeguards. Kahuta is the location for the uranium enrichment facility being built by Pakistan.
--"Pakistan Protest to UAA Over Nuclear Bomb Allegation," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 July 1979, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 4. The Middle East, FE/6163/A4/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
29 June 1979
According to the Reuters news agency, Dutch authorities are investigating reports that Pakistan obtained information on uranium enrichment from that country. Also sources in UN circles believe that Pakistan is making attempts to explode a nuclear device in the near future.
--"'Pravda' on Reported Pakistani Development of Atomic Bomb," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 30 June 1979, Part 1. The USSR, 3. The Far East, SU/6155/A3/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 June 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis
30 June 1979
Chris Sherwell, a British journalist and a correspondent for the Financial Times and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is beaten up outside the house of Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan in Islamabad. The journalist is investigating allegations regarding Pakistan's nuclear weapons program. The Pakistani government denies any responsibility over the event.
--"Journalist Attacked," Washington Post, 30 June 1979, First Section, Around the World, A13; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 June 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "Pakistan: A Clue to the Bomb Mystery," Economist, 14 July 1979, World Politics and Current Affairs, International, Pg. 60; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 14 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis
30 June 1979
Pakistan's advisor on Foreign Affairs Agha Shahi rejects reports in the Western press that Pakistan's nuclear research program is intended for building a nuclear bomb. Mr. Shahi denies that Pakistan is receiving financial assistance from Libya or any other Arab country for building an Islamic bomb. Mr. Shahi also denies allegations that Pakistan is manufacturing a hydrogen bomb and says that the hydrogen bomb is beyond the reach of a developing country like Pakistan. Mr. Shahi condemns the demands to open Pakistan's nuclear facilities for inspections and questions why such demands are not placed on Israel and South Africa.
--"Other Reports; Pakistan Denies Western Reports About Nuclear Programme," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 3 July 1979, Part 3 The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/6157/A1/4; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 3 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis
June 1979
U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev inconclusively discuss Pakistan's nuclear weapons program during their summit meeting. U.S. President Carter also corresponds secretly with leaders in France, West Germany, Japan, Britain, and other nations. The United States is also engaging China in its efforts to deal with Pakistan.
--Don Oberdorfer, Michael Gatier, and Maralee Schwartz, "Pakistan: The Quest for Atomic Bomb; Problem Discussed by West, Moscow, Peking," Washington Post, 27 August 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
June - July 1979
Sources indicate that Pakistan is attempting to explode a nuclear bomb in October. Pakistan's security forces are reported to be working around Hoshab, a small desert town located 60 miles inland from the Makran coast in southwestern Pakistan. The region is inhospitable and a few nomads living there are reported to have been re-located to different areas. Reliable reports suggest the presence of military construction activity in the area. Experts indicate that Pakistan might test a nuclear bomb in 1979 only if it receives sufficient weapons-grade material from another source, since its reprocessing plant and its uranium enrichment plant are still far from operating at full capacity. Experts suspect that source to be China.
--"Pakistan: A Clue to the Bomb Mystery," Economist, 14 July 1979, World Politics and Current Affairs, International, Pg. 60; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 14 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
Late June - August 1979
The interagency group tasked with framing policy options for dealing with Pakistan's attempts to build nuclear weapons believes that it is difficult to stop Pakistan's nuclear weapons program. The group cites the following reasons for its observations. First, according to U.S. technical experts, Pakistan has acquired most of the technology needed for the uranium enrichment plant. According to these officials, technology denial by Western industrial countries will not stop Pakistan's construction of the enrichment facility. Second, Pakistan's military government strongly supports the development of nuclear weapons. Third, Pakistan's development of nuclear weapons is inter-linked with other complex global issues.
--Don Oberdorfer, Michael Gatier, and Maralee Schwartz, "Pakistan: The Quest for Atomic Bomb; Problem Discussed by West, Moscow, Peking," Washington Post, 27 August 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis
4 July 1979
Sources indicate that Pakistan can possess the ability to explode a nuclear device before the beginning of autumn. The location of the testing site is highly classified and believed to be located near Multan in Punjab province. Another possible location for the site is the Chitral region in the northwestern border region. According to sources, two Pakistani scientists employed in Holland have returned to Pakistan and are believed to be working on the nuclear weapons program. The Pakistani government has allocated generous funds for the completion of the project. Sources believe that Pakistan possesses sufficient plutonium to conduct one nuclear explosion.
--"In Brief; 'Enough Plutonium' for Pakistani Nuclear Device," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 6 July 1979, Part 1 The USSR, A. International Affairs, 3. The Far East, SU/6160/A3/3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 6 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis
5 July 1979
A Pakistani official spokesperson, referring to the recent incident involving the British journalist Chris Sherwell, claims that Sherwell took advantage of the government's cooperation and liberal attitude and acted in a manner that was harmful to Pakistan's security interests. The spokesperson alleges that Sherwell illegally attempted to obtain information on Pakistan's nuclear research program even though sufficient information was provided by the Foreign Office, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the Information Ministry. According to the spokesperson, Sherwell entered a restricted area and tried to contact officials who were not qualified to provide interviews. Referring to the incident that resulted in the beating up of the journalist, the spokesperson says that Pakistan's law prohibited the scientist from granting interviews and Sherwell should not have attempted to visit the official. The spokesperson says that the government is preparing a report about the incident and based on the final results, the government will decide if the journalist will be allowed to stay in the country.
--"Other Reports; Pakistan Official on BBC Correspondent's Activities," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 July 1979, Part 3 The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/6163/A1/4; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis
6 July 1979
The Pakistani government charges the British journalist Chris Sherwell with committing acts that are prejudicial to Pakistan's security. Sherwell is accused of "snooping and trespassing" security areas with the objective of obtaining information on Pakistan's nuclear research program. The government denies any responsibility over the assault on Mr. Sherwell.
--"Pakistan Accuses Journalist," Washington Post, 6 July 1979, First Section, Around the World, A20; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 6 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis
28 July 1979
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq declares that he would not compromise on Pakistan's sovereignty regarding its peaceful nuclear program. Addressing the nation, the President says that Pakistan requires nuclear energy to meet its growing energy requirements. The President states that economic aid to Pakistan has been cut off despite the peaceful nature of the nuclear program. General Haq claims that Pakistanis have supported the government in absorbing the impact of the aid cut-off and declares that "we shall eat crumbs but will not allow our national interest to be compromised in any manner whatsoever."
--"Pakistan President Reaffirms Peaceful Nuclear Programme," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 29 July 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 29 July 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
1 - 4 August 1979
Senior Democratic and Republican members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee write a letter to the Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance outlining a proposal to provide new "security support" to Pakistan in order to halt Pakistan's efforts to build a nuclear bomb. The proposal included providing Pakistan with conventional arms to meet its security needs. The letter urges the Carter administration to "understand and more effectively treat Pakistan's underlying security concerns." Rep. Clement J. Zablocki (D-Wis), chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee and a signer of the letter, suggests that arms sales on credit might be undertaken by presidential waiver of the sanctions or some other legal procedure. Rep. Paul Findley (R-Ill), another signer of the letter, indicates that Congress might have to amend the anti-proliferation act that led to the aid cutoff. The United States terminated military and economic aid to Pakistan in April as stipulated in an amendment to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Act. The other signers of the letter are Rep. William S. Broomfield (R-Mich), Rep. Jonathan B. Bingham (D-NY), and Rep. Lee H. Hamilton (D-Ind).
--Don Oberdorfer, "Arms Sales to Pakistan Urged to Stave Off A-Bomb There," Washington Post, 6 August 1979, First Section, A7; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 6 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
10 August 1979
A U.S. Senator, Charles Percy (R-Ill), states in Calcutta that Pakistan intends to produce nuclear weapons that can hit New Delhi, Bombay, and Calcutta.
--Don Oberdorfer, "US Denies Covert Plans in Pakistan; Possible Sabotage to reactor Discounted," Washington Post, 15 August 1979, First Section, A17; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
12 August 1979
The Carter administration is considering several initiatives to prevent Pakistan from acquiring nuclear weapons. The efforts range from imposing stringent economic sanctions to supplying advanced conventional arms. One of the options being considered includes undertaking covert operations using paramilitary forces to sabotage Pakistan's uranium enrichment plant. The other two options are imposing harsh economic sanctions or providing Pakistan with advanced conventional weapons like the F-16 fighter planes.
--Richard Burt, Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 12 August 1979, Pg. 1, Column 2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 12 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis Don Oberdorfer, "US Denies Covert Plans in Pakistan; Possible Sabotage to reactor Discounted," Washington Post, 15 August 1979, First Section, A17; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "US 'Campaign' Against Pakistan's Nuclear Programme," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 16 August 1979, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/6195/A1/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 16 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "US Seeks A-Project Halt," Facts in File World News Digest, 17 August 1979, World Affairs. Pakistan; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
13 August 1979
U.S. State Department spokesperson, Thomas Reston, says that covert action is not under consideration as an option to prevent Pakistan from acquiring nuclear weapons capability.
--Don Oberdorfer, "US Denies Covert Plans in Pakistan; Possible Sabotage to reactor Discounted," Washington Post, 15 August 1979, First Section, A17; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
14 August 1979
The U.S. State Department refutes reports that the United States is planning a sabotage action to disrupt Pakistan's efforts to acquire nuclear weapons. The report citing such a plan appeared in the New York Times.
--"Other Reports; Pakistan Reaction to Alleged US Threat to Nuclear Plants," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 15 August 1979, Part 3 The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/6194/A1/2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
14 August 1979
Pakistan's politicians and government officials react strongly against a news report suggesting that the United States is considering a commando raid against Pakistan's nuclear facilities. Pakistan's Defense Minister Ali Ahmed Talpur says that Pakistan will not compromise on its nuclear program. A news report in the Karachi newspaper, The Star, says that anti-aircraft guns are being positioned around nuclear installations to deter any attack against them. According to the report, a task force has been formed to prevent any hostile acts against Pakistan's nuclear facilities.
--"Other Reports; Pakistan Reaction to Alleged US Threat to Nuclear Plants," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts," 15 August 1979, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/6194/A1/2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
14 August 1979
Pakistan's Foreign Ministry summons the U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan Arthur Hummel and expresses serious concern over the efforts by the U.S. government to threaten and intimidate Pakistan's government over its peaceful nuclear program. The Foreign Ministry informs the Ambassador that such actions by the United States will harm peace and stability in the region. The Foreign Ministry also informs the ambassador that Pakistan might lodge a protest in an "international forum" if the United States persists in its efforts to threaten Pakistan's nuclear program. The Foreign Office also terms the recent statement by U.S. Senator Charles Percy regarding Pakistan's nuclear program as an "incitement" for India.
--Don Oberdorfer, "US Denies Covert Plans in Pakistan; Possible Sabotage to reactor Discounted," Washington Post, 15 August 1979, First Section, A17; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "US 'Campaign' Against Pakistan's Nuclear Programme," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 16 August 1979, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/6195/A1/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 16 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
14 August 1979
A senior State Department official states that a covert operation to sabotage Pakistan's uranium enrichment plant is "not an option that we seriously or systematically considered." The official states that the United States wants to pursue good relations with Pakistan despite its objections to Pakistan's plans to develop nuclear weapons. According to a U.S. sources, the United States is also discouraging India from pursuing any paramilitary action to disable Pakistan's uranium enrichment facility being constructed. Pakistani officials are not content with the assurances provided by the State department and insist that the reassurances "did not rule out the option of action by paramilitary forces ... which will amount to outright aggression."
-- Don Oberdorfer, "US Denies Covert Plans in Pakistan; Possible Sabotage to Reactor Discounted," Washington Post, 15 August 1979, First Section, A17; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
15 August 1979
U.S. State Department spokesperson Thomas Reston states that the United States policy towards Pakistan is "under constant review" and denies reports of covert operations to sabotage nuclear facilities in Pakistan.
--Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 15 August 1979, Pg. 11, Column 4; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
17 August 1979
According to U.S. officials, unconfirmed reports suggest that Pakistan is preparing an underground site for testing a nuclear device.
--Richard Burt, Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 17 August 1979, Pg. 6, Column 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
Late August 1979
Pakistani President Zia ul-Haq writes a letter to India's Prime Minister reaffirming that Pakistan's nuclear program is only intended for peaceful purposes.
--"South Asia; Pakistan-India Talks in Havana: Nuclear Issues," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 September 1979, part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 3. Far Eastern Relations, FE/6215/A3/10; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
27 August 1979
South Asian sources suggest that Pakistan might detonate a nuclear bomb at an underground testing site before the country's general elections are held in November. Pakistani President General Zia ul-Haq hopes to win popular support by exploding a nuclear bomb. However, certain U.S. State Department officials express doubts over Pakistan's ability to conduct a nuclear test for at least several years.
--Melinda Beck, "Pakistan's Political Bomb," Newsweek, 27 August 1979, Periscope, Pg. 13; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
29 August 1979
Pakistan's President General Zia ul-Haq states that Pakistan will acquire nuclear energy for peaceful purposes despite the challenges in acquiring such a capacity.
--From News Services and Staff Reports, Washington Post, 29 August 1979, First Section, Around the World, For the Record, A14; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 29 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
30 August 1979
In his radio address to the nation, Pakistan's President General Zia ul-Haq declares that Pakistan must acquire nuclear energy to meet its power requirements. Haq declares that Pakistan's nuclear program is only intended for peaceful purposes. The Pakistani president asks France to honor its commitment to supply a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and states that Pakistan will acquire a reprocessing plant under any circumstances. Haq deplores the propaganda spread in Western media against Pakistan's nuclear program and states that Pakistan will not give up its claim to acquire nuclear technology. The Pakistani president further reaffirms Pakistan's commitment to create nuclear weapons-free zones in the Indian Ocean and the South Asian regions.
--"Broadcast by President Zia ul-Haq," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 3 September 1979, Part 3. The Far East, C. Pakistan: Relations with Kabul, Nuclear Energy, Elections, FE/6209/C/1 (A1, A3, B, W); in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 3 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
August 1979
A truck carrying uranium from a mining plant in Niger is found overturned and empty. The uranium is believed to have been diverted to Libya, which is believed to support Pakistan's nuclear program.
--Associated Press, 26 November 1979, International News; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 26 November 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
August 1979
U.S. intelligence agencies estimate that Pakistan can explode a nuclear bomb by the end of this year. Previous intelligence estimates predicted that Pakistan would need four years to develop nuclear weapons.
--"US Seeks A-Project Halt," Facts in File World News Digest, 17 August 1979, World Affairs. Pakistan; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
August 1979
Pakistani officials reveal that Libya's Colonel Muammar Qaddafi offered to finance Pakistan's acquisition of the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in return for the plutonium produced by the plant. According to Pakistani officials, the offer was rejected by Pakistan and Qaddafi cancelled a plan to finance a French-Pakistani contract to build a submarine. U.S. officials indicate that they cannot ascertain the existence of a deal between Tripoli and Islamabad over Pakistan's nuclear plans but they also do not rule out the presence of such an arrangement.
--Don Oberdorfer, Michael Gatier, and Maralee Schwartz, "Pakistan: The Quest for Atomic Bomb; Problem Discussed by West, Moscow, Peking," Washington Post, 27 August 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis
August 1979
According to U.S. officials, photographs of the heavily guarded and elaborate Kahuta plant being constructed indicate that the objective of the facility is to produce enriched uranium. According to U.S. officials, Pakistan's civilian nuclear program does not need such large quantities of enriched uranium. U.S. officials estimate that Pakistan will be able to produce weapons grade uranium after three to five years of construction and operation of the enrichment plant. Pakistan, however, needs natural uranium to fuel the plant and officials believe that Pakistan will be able to procure sufficient quantities of natural uranium. Differing estimates are given regarding the time period needed for Pakistan to produce a bomb. Some U.S. officials estimate that Pakistan can produce a bomb in as quickly as two years whereas others predict that problems in construction and operation might delay the production of enriched uranium or even stop the enrichment effort. Pakistan also continues to work on the plutonium route. Pakistan is continuing work on the partially built French reprocessing plant even after France withdrew assistance for construction of the plant. According to informed estimates, Pakistan is expected to produce weapons grade plutonium in six to 10 years. Pakistan also possesses a pilot "hot cell" reprocessing capability at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH). The pilot reprocessing facility can quickly produce small amount of bomb material if the right elements are present.
--Don Oberdorfer, Michael Gatier, and Maralee Schwartz, "Pakistan: The Quest for Atomic Bomb; Problem Discussed by West, Moscow, Peking," Washington Post, 27 August 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
August 1975 - August 1979
According to a U.S. estimate, Pakistan spends $100 million for its uranium enrichment program annually. However, the total cost is likely to be several hundred million dollars. A major concern is that Pakistan might export highly enriched uranium to reclaim some of the costs.
--Don Oberdorfer, Michael Gatier, and Maralee Schwartz, "Pakistan: The Quest for Atomic Bomb; Problem Discussed by West, Moscow, Peking," Washington Post, 27 August 1979, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 August 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
1 September 1979
Pakistan's Foreign Affairs Adviser Agha Shahi meets India's External Affairs Minister S.N. Mishra. During the meeting, Shahi says that Pakistan does not wish to produce a nuclear bomb and informs Mishra that Pakistan is proceeding with a uranium enrichment plant based on a light-water reactor purely for economic reasons and for conducting research and development activities.
--"South Asia; Pakistan-India Talks in Havana: Nuclear Issues," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 September 1979, part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 3. Far Eastern Relations, FE/6215/A3/10; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
3 - 7 September 1979
Agha Shahi, Pakistan's Foreign Affairs adviser provides the first official pronouncement that Pakistan is developing a uranium enrichment capability.
--"Pakistan; Baiting the Trap," Economist, 8 September 1979, World Politics and Current Affairs, International, Pg. 69; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 8 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
3 September 1979
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq meets with India's External Affairs Minister S.N. Mishra and informs him that he had made a unilateral statement renouncing nuclear weapons during his radio address to the nation. The Pakistani President made a radio broadcast on 30 August before leaving to attend the NAM summit in Havana. The Pakistani president informs India's External Affairs minister that his unilateral statement was based on a suggestion by India's Prime Minister Morarji Desai who himself had made such a statement renouncing nuclear weapons. The Pakistani President also informs that Pakistan does not possess the capacity to produce a nuclear bomb and also expresses that Pakistan is not interested in making nuclear weapons.
--"South Asia; Pakistan-India Talks in Havana: Nuclear Issues," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 September 1979, part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 3. Far Eastern Relations, FE/6215/A3/10; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
4 September 1979
An official Indian spokesperson states that the Indian government is examining the letter sent by the Pakistani President.
--"South Asia; Pakistan-India Talks in Havana: Nuclear Issues," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 September 1979, part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 3. Far Eastern Relations, FE/6215/A3/10; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
5 September 1979
The Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Munir Ahmed Khan, states that foreign powers cannot dissuade Pakistan to abandon its nuclear development program since Pakistan's economic progress is dependent on Pakistan's acquisition of nuclear technology. The PAEC Chairman states that Pakistan's energy requirement at the end of the century would be 27,000 MW of electricity out of which 16,000 MW can be generated through atomic energy. According to Munir Ahmed Khan, Pakistan needs to set up its own fuel reprocessing to maximize its energy utilization. According to the PAEC chairman, the reprocessing plant would enable Pakistan to re-use 79% of the spent fuel and produce plutonium that could be used in the future breeder reactors.
--"South Asia; Pakistan-India Talks in Havana: Nuclear Issues," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 September 1979, part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 3. Far Eastern Relations, FE/6215/A3/10; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "Nuclear Energy," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 3 October 1979, Part 3. The Far East, Weekly Economic Report, A. Economic and Scientific, Pakistan. Production and Transport, FE/W1051/A/27; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 3 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis "Pakistan Makes Achievements in Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 27 October 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
15 September 1979
According to official figures, Pakistan is spending $40 million for its nuclear energy program.
--"Pakistan: The Bomb Behind the Wall," Economist, 15 September 1979, World Politics and Current Affairs; International, Pg. 62; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
20 September 1979
Addressing a group of prominent citizens at the Governor House in Karachi, Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq states that Pakistan must acquire nuclear energy to meet its increasing energy requirements. President Zia ul-Haq underscores the importance of nuclear energy in Pakistan's development. The president also criticizes reports about the 'Islamic Bomb' and says that such stories are falsely spread by 'Zionist' circles.
--"Pakistan to Acquire Nuclear Technology for its Own Needs," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 21 September 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 20 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
23 September 1979
In an interview, Pakistan's president Zia ul-Haq rejects the claim that Pakistan is making a nuclear bomb and requests U.S. President Jimmy Carter to reconsider the decision to cut off military and economic aid to Pakistan. President Zia ul-Haq acknowledges that Pakistan is building a facility for enriching uranium but indicates that it will only be used to produce energy. The Pakistani president reiterates that no Pakistani government can compromise on the nuclear issue under U.S. pressure and denies reports that Pakistan is collaborating with Libya to develop nuclear weapons for the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The Pakistani President expresses confidence that France will provide the nuclear fuel-reprocessing plant and indicates his willingness to implement all safeguards including allowing the posting of French officials at the facilities.
--Seymour Topping, Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 23 September 1979, Pg. 14, Column. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 23 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
12 October 1979
Pakistan is reported to have halted the construction of the uranium enrichment plant at Kahuta. The shortage in the supply of parts from Europe is believed to have resulted in the halt.
--Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 12 October 1979, Pg. 4, Column. 2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 12 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
16 October 1979
The United States and Pakistan begin two days of talks over Pakistan's efforts to produce weapons-grade highly enriched uranium. The talks are held between U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance and Pakistan's Foreign Affairs Adviser Agha Shahi and several other high-level officials.
--Don Oberdorfer, "Uranium Parley with Pakistanis is Inconclusive," Washington Post, 18 October 1979, First Section, A20; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 18 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
17 October 1979
The United States and Pakistan hold a final round of talks in the afternoon and the United States indicates that no decision has been taken. Agha Shahi, Pakistan's Foreign Affairs Adviser states that differences continue to exist between Pakistan and the United States over the nuclear issue. Both sides agree to continue high-level discussions in the future. The economic and military cut-off, imposed by President Carter in April under U.S. law, can be lifted only after President Carter certifies that Pakistan will not develop or acquire nuclear weapons or assist other nations in acquiring such weapons. Despite the assurances provided by Mr. Shahi, the United States is not willing to accept such promises. Mr. Shahi also refuses to confirm or deny the recent news report that Pakistan had halted work on the construction of its uranium enrichment plant owing to a shortage of parts from Europe. U.S. officials also refuse to confirm the report indicting a lack of sufficient information. The talks also discussed improving the security situation in Pakistan by upgrading the armed forces. Some members of U.S. Congress and Carter administration officials have recently proposed that the United States supply Pakistan with advanced conventional arms in return for Pakistan's commitment to abandon its nuclear program. It is not sure if the United States made such a proposal during the talks.
--Don Oberdorfer, "Uranium Parley with Pakistanis is Inconclusive," Washington Post, 18 October 1979, First Section, A20; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 18 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
16 - 17 October 1979
During the talks between the United States and Pakistan, little information is provided by Pakistan regarding the planning of the uranium enrichment facility.
--Don Oberdorfer, "Effort to Block Pakistan from A-Bomb Faltering," Washington Post, 20 October 1979, First Section, A3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 20 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
18 - 20 October 1979
Following the conclusion of two day of talks between Pakistan and the United States, U.S. officials are less confident about persuading Pakistan to abandon its nuclear weapons program. The talks also reduce the certainty of U.S. estimates that Pakistan is at least two years from conducting a nuclear test. Pakistan's Foreign Affairs Adviser Agha Shahi informs members of the U.S. Congress that Pakistan is willing to provide a "no explosion" pledge for the duration of the current Pakistani government. Shahi indicates that Pakistani President Zia ul-Haq cannot make promises that could extend beyond the current administration and bind subsequent Pakistani administrations. He also suggests that Pakistan is willing to bring all nuclear facilities under international safeguards and inspections provided India also implements such measures. A recent U.S. intelligence estimate quotes a Pakistani official mentioning that Pakistan possesses the necessary material to build a bomb.
-- Don Oberdorfer, "Effort to Block Pakistan from A-Bomb Faltering," Washington Post, 20 October 1979, First Section, A3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 20 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
27 October 1979
Pakistan plans to build a new nuclear power plant in the Punjab province. The plant's capacity will be 600,000 kilowatts and the plant will use an enriched uranium fueled light-water reactor.
--"Pakistan Makes Achievements in Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 27 October 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
28 October 1979
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq states that Pakistan is committed to pursuing nuclear research for peaceful purposes and does not preclude the possibility of conducting a nuclear test. Responding to a question whether Pakistan would set off a nuclear explosion, President Zia ul-Haq states that "... we said our program is entirely directed toward nuclear sources of energy and not toward the making of any nuclear bombs. If in the process steps have to be taken, we will take them."
--Information Bank Abstracts, New York Times, 28 October 1979, Pg. 9, Column 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 28 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis Stuart Auerbach, "Pakistan Holds A-Option Open; Zia's Remarks Seen Likely to Fuel International Controversy Over his Country's Goals in its Nuclear Power Program," Washington Post, 28 October 1979, First Section, A17; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 28 October 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
Fall 1979
Efforts are made to mine low-grade uranium ore in the Baghalchur mining area near Dera Ghazi Khan Province, west of Multan. Tenders are being accepted for the construction of roads in the region. The ore is refined at the Atomic Energy Mineral Centre in Lahore built with French assistance. New equipment is also being installed at the Chashma barrage site on the Indus River. The installed equipment can be used to produce nuclear fuel rods.
--"Pakistan: The Bomb Behind the Wall," Economist, 15 September 1979, World Politics and Current Affairs; International, Pg. 62; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 September 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
21 November 1979
The UN First Committee adopts a resolution on creating a nuclear weapons-free zone in South Asia. The resolution is sponsored by Pakistan. The resolution calls upon all states in South Asia and other non-nuclear weapon neighboring states in the region to make efforts to create a nuclear-weapons free zone in South Asia. The resolution also urges the nations to eschew activities that go against the resolution.
--"UN General Assembly Committee Adopts Denuclearization Resolutions," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 22 November 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 22 November 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
26 November 1979
The British newspaper Sunday Times reports that Pakistan has acquired the technical knowledge to produce a hydrogen bomb and mentions that Pakistan might test its first thermonuclear device in April. The report mentions that the desert hijacking of uranium ore in Africa and Pakistan's acquisition of nuclear components in Europe have enabled it to advance its nuclear weapons program faster than the estimates made by the United States and other countries. The new report identifies two sites that could be used for testing. One of the sites is in the Sind desert and the other testing site is in South Balochistan. According to the report, Pakistan's three nuclear facilities are working continuously under heavy guard. The report quotes a military official saying that "Only God, an accident or another coup can stop it."
--Associated Press, 26 November 1979, International News; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 26 November 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
8 December 1979
Pakistan's president, while inaugurating an International Symposium in Biology and Genetics and an International Congress on the History and Philosophy of Science, states that "our [Pakistan's] stand is that we want to acquire nuclear energy for peaceful purpose and this is a right of which no power can deprive us."
--"Pakistan to Continue Acquiring Nuclear Energy," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 10 December 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 December 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
11 December 1979
The UN General Assembly passes by a vote of 96 - 2 Pakistan's proposal to create a nuclear weapons-free zone in South Asia. India and Bhutan vote against the resolution. During the UN General Assembly meeting, Pakistan's Ambassador Niaz A. Naik rejects a claim by the Israeli Ambassador Yehuda Z. Blum that Pakistan, Iraq, and Libya are seeking to create a nuclear axis.
--Associated Press, 11 December 1979, 11 December 1979; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 11 December 1979,
Leading Global Provider – Total Business Solutions | LexisNexis.
Late 1979
Documentary evidence surfaces that the French company BSL has entered into a secret and illegal contract to supply Pakistan with nuclear-sensitive equipment required for the Chashma reprocessing plant. The equipment includes specially designed dissolvers, evaporators, annular vessels, and mixer-settlers. The contract specifies that BSL will train four to six Pakistani engineers at its own workshops and also help organize a special school for welders in Pakistan. The secret agreement was signed two months after the French industry ministry issued formal instructions (in February 1979) to French companies not to supply anything further for the Chashma facility. The contract also creates the fiction that equipment sold to Pakistan will be used for purposes of building a nitrating plant; it also disguises BSL's role in the transfers. All transfers are to be made to 'Asiatic Chemicals Industries' Limited in the Pakistani city of Faisalabad. Pakistan insists that all equipment must be either shipped on Pakistani freighters or on ships that skirt South Africa, Israel, and India.
--Steve Weissman & Herbert Krosney, "More Bang for a Buck," The Islamic Bomb: The Nuclear Threat to Israel and the Middle East, (New York: 1981, Times Books), pp. 205-206.
1979
Pakistan's chief nuclear procurement official in France, S. A. Butt, continues to approach French nuclear suppliers for potential sales of nuclear reprocessing and related equipment to Pakistan, even after France formally suspends the reprocessing plant contract with the Pakistani government. Despite the suspension, French engineers remain in Pakistan through the year to help finish with the construction of the reprocessing plant.
--Steve Weissman & Herbert Krosney, "More Bang for a Buck," The Islamic Bomb: The Nuclear Threat to Israel and the Middle East, (New York: 1981, Times Books), p. 200.
1979
Pakistani reportedly purchases 110 tons of uranium ore (yellowcake) from Niger. Libya is also believed to be diverting uranium ore purchased from Niger to Pakistan.
--Steve Weissman & Herbert Krosney, "More Bang for a Buck," The Islamic Bomb: The Nuclear Threat to Israel and the Middle East, (New York: 1981, Times Books), p. 210.
