How did Jammu and Kashmir become a part of India? 9 facts on Accession Day

[INDIAPOSITIVE]

SOURCE: INDIA TODAY

Accession Day is celebrated on October 26 every year to commemorate the day when th last Dogra ruler of Jammu and Kashmir Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession in 1947. The agreement made the former independent princely state of J&K join the Union of India.

Kashmir: A topic of debate
Before Independence, Kashmir was an independent princely state under the realm of Maharaja Hari Singh.Even after all these years, Kashmir has remained a subject of debate between the governments of India and Pakistan. Separatist leaders such as Syed Ali Shah Geelani, Mirwaiz Umar Farooq and Yasin Malik have condemned the day as ‘Black Day’ and asked the residents to hoist black flags in protest against the Indian Army posted in Kashmir.

Recent development: J&K appeals to Modi to celebrate Accession Day
As reported by the Tribune on October 24, a joint statement signed by several prominent people — including bureaucrats, judges, police officers and the civil society — to the PM and J&K Governor called to celebrate October 26 as the official Accession Day.

It claimed that constitutionally, legally and politically, the accession made by Maharaja under the India Independence Act, 1947, was final and irrevocable.

“It was a sovereign act as prescribed under the India Independence Act, which did not have any provision of “conditional”, “temporary” or “interim” Accession,” it reads.

9 facts on how Kashmir was included in India
Here are the series of events that led to the state of Jammu and Kashmir being a part of India.

1. Post-Indian independence
Kashmir was plagued with repeated invasions by the Pathan tribesmen after Indian independence in August 1947. Hence, Maharaja Hari Singh wrote to Lord Mountbatten seeking military help.

2. Mountbatten’s advice
Mountbatten replied saying, “it is my government’s wish that as soon as law and order have been restored in Jammu and Kashmir and her soil cleared of the invader, the question of the State’s accession should be settled by a reference to the people”. This remark is said to have sowed the seed of the Kashmir dispute.

3. Attempt to a plebiscite
Following Mountbatten’s advice, the Indian government attempted a plebiscite, or referendum, for the Kashmiri people to decide if they wanted to stay a part of India, Pakistan, or remain an independent state.

4. The everlasting debate
The plebiscite could not take place as the Pakistani government and a part of Kashmiri residents questioned the legality of India’s accession to Kashmir, which up till now remains a point of debate.

5. Instrument of Accession
Following this, Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession at Amar Palace in Jammu on October 26, which India’s last Governor-General Lord Mountbatten accepted on October 27.

6. Agreement with Pakistan
Hari Singh had earlier signed a ‘standstill’ agreement with Pakistan for uninterrupted trade and communication in Kashmir.

7. Pakistan’s charges
The Pakistani government contested the accession stating that it was fraudulent and that Singh was forced to sign the agreement with India.

8. The debatable Accession Day
The exact date of Accession has also been debated on. While Indian historian Prem Shankar Jha said that the accession document was signed on October 25, British researcher Andrew Whitehead pointed out that it happened a day later.

9. Final nail in the wall
Early in the morning on October 27, the Indian Army’s first Sikh battalion was airdropped in Srinagar where they resisted the Pathan invasion and officially completed Kashmir’s accession to India.

 

[Lincoln]

SOURCE: INDIA TODAY

Accession Day is celebrated on October 26 every year to commemorate the day when th last Dogra ruler of Jammu and Kashmir Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession in 1947. The agreement made the former independent princely state of J&K join the Union of India.

Kashmir: A topic of debate
Before Independence, Kashmir was an independent princely state under the realm of Maharaja Hari Singh.Even after all these years, Kashmir has remained a subject of debate between the governments of India and Pakistan. Separatist leaders such as Syed Ali Shah Geelani, Mirwaiz Umar Farooq and Yasin Malik have condemned the day as ‘Black Day’ and asked the residents to hoist black flags in protest against the Indian Army posted in Kashmir.

Recent development: J&K appeals to Modi to celebrate Accession Day
As reported by the Tribune on October 24, a joint statement signed by several prominent people — including bureaucrats, judges, police officers and the civil society — to the PM and J&K Governor called to celebrate October 26 as the official Accession Day.

It claimed that constitutionally, legally and politically, the accession made by Maharaja under the India Independence Act, 1947, was final and irrevocable.

“It was a sovereign act as prescribed under the India Independence Act, which did not have any provision of “conditional”, “temporary” or “interim” Accession,” it reads.

9 facts on how Kashmir was included in India
Here are the series of events that led to the state of Jammu and Kashmir being a part of India.

1. Post-Indian independence
Kashmir was plagued with repeated invasions by the Pathan tribesmen after Indian independence in August 1947. Hence, Maharaja Hari Singh wrote to Lord Mountbatten seeking military help.

2. Mountbatten’s advice
Mountbatten replied saying, “it is my government’s wish that as soon as law and order have been restored in Jammu and Kashmir and her soil cleared of the invader, the question of the State’s accession should be settled by a reference to the people”. This remark is said to have sowed the seed of the Kashmir dispute.

3. Attempt to a plebiscite
Following Mountbatten’s advice, the Indian government attempted a plebiscite, or referendum, for the Kashmiri people to decide if they wanted to stay a part of India, Pakistan, or remain an independent state.

4. The everlasting debate
The plebiscite could not take place as the Pakistani government and a part of Kashmiri residents questioned the legality of India’s accession to Kashmir, which up till now remains a point of debate.

5. Instrument of Accession
Following this, Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession at Amar Palace in Jammu on October 26, which India’s last Governor-General Lord Mountbatten accepted on October 27.

6. Agreement with Pakistan
Hari Singh had earlier signed a ‘standstill’ agreement with Pakistan for uninterrupted trade and communication in Kashmir.

7. Pakistan’s charges
The Pakistani government contested the accession stating that it was fraudulent and that Singh was forced to sign the agreement with India.

8. The debatable Accession Day
The exact date of Accession has also been debated on. While Indian historian Prem Shankar Jha said that the accession document was signed on October 25, British researcher Andrew Whitehead pointed out that it happened a day later.

9. Final nail in the wall
Early in the morning on October 27, the Indian Army’s first Sikh battalion was airdropped in Srinagar where they resisted the Pathan invasion and officially completed Kashmir’s accession to India.

Lying to the masses, saying that it was a 'pathan invasion' and most definitely not the rebellion of the Kashmiri people, lmao.

 

[Kompromat]

Hindu raja facilitated Hindu Army to occupy a Muslim land.

 

[waz]

The accession document doesn't mean $hit, the Indian army invaded Hyderabad under the pretence of a majority Hindu population shouldn't go to Pakistan, so it's null.
Kashmir is unfinished partition business, the state should have gone to Pakistan.
Pakistan should have invaded the moment that filth Hari Singh put forward his standstill agreement.

 

[Mace]

Hindu raja facilitated Hindu Army to occupy a Muslim land.

Muslim land?? Seriously?

The accession document doesn't mean $hit, the Indian army invaded Hyderabad under the pretence of a majority Hindu population shouldn't go to Pakistan, so it's null.
Kashmir is unfinished partition business, the state should have gone to Pakistan.
Pakistan should have invaded the moment that filth Hari Singh out forward his standstill agreement.

You couldnt govern Bangladesh. How could you have governed Hyderabad?

Good India stopped the madness of further fragmentation of the sub continent.

 

[waz]

You couldnt govern Bangladesh. How could you have governed Hyderabad?

Good India stopped the madness of further fragmentation of the sub continent.

That was a mistake and Bangladesh should have been allowed to go its own way, governing a state between such a landmass was near impossible in those times.

 

[AyanRay]

The accession document doesn't mean $hit, the Indian army invaded Hyderabad under the pretence of a majority Hindu population shouldn't go to Pakistan, so it's null.
Kashmir is unfinished partition business, the state should have gone to Pakistan.
Pakistan should have invaded the moment that filth Hari Singh put forward his standstill agreement.

You missed one very important point. Even the nizam signed the instrument of accession. You invaded Kashmir but failed to convince the Maharaja to join you, we did the same in Hyderabad and we're successful. So stop crying and move on..

That was a mistake and Bangladesh should have been allowed to go its own way, governing a state between such a landmass was near impossible in those times.

And how would you have goverened Hyderabad with no land connectivity to it?

 

[Indus Pakistan]

Pakistan should have invaded the moment that filth Hari Singh put forward his standstill agreement.

Waz, let's be brutally honest. Jinnah and Liaqat failed miserably. I especially blame Liaqat because Jinnah was at this point on the way to expiring as TB took hold. But Liaqat has no excuse. In my opinion he deserved that bullet he got in Rawalpindi. Thanks to Liaqat generations of Kashmiri's are suffering and being killed, raped by Indian Army. In addition Pakistan has been forced to spend so much on defence and had at least three wars. All this because cnut Liaqat did not have balls to do what Sardar Patel did in India with referance to Hyderabad. As my dad says all Liaqat could do was after having ran from India, show his fists. Sardar Patel did not show fists but instead fcukin used the fist on Hyderabad. Today it is forgotten story. This is exactly what Liaqat should have done. And every Pakistani owes gratitude to men from FATA who today are subjected to so much scorn. It was the tribals who went into Kashmir.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24159594

 

[waz]

You missed one very important point. Even the nizam signed the instrument of accession. You invaded Kashmir but failed to convince the Maharaja to join you, we did the same in Hyderabad and we're successful. So stop crying and move on..

He signed it AFTER operation POLO...... You invaded his state first and therefore the 'instrument of accession' is BS. As for crying, I'm raising a point. You should stop crapping yourself whenever the issue is raised.

 

[Kabira]

The accession document doesn't mean $hit, the Indian army invaded Hyderabad under the pretence of a majority Hindu population shouldn't go to Pakistan, so it's null.
Kashmir is unfinished partition business, the state should have gone to Pakistan.
Pakistan should have invaded the moment that filth Hari Singh put forward his standstill agreement.

Pakistan was scared of backclash from much bigger enemy, that's why they sent tribals and soldiers in shalwar kamez to IoK in 1948. Pakistan did same in 1965 and 1999. India tried to invade in 1965 anyway.

 

[waz]

Waz, let's be brutally honest. Jinnah and Liaqat failed miserably. I especially blame Liaqat because Jinnah was at this point on the way to expiring as TB took hold. But Liaqat has no excuse. In my opinion he deserved that bullet he got in Rawalpindi. Thanks to Liaqat generations of Kashmiri's are suffering and being killed, raped by Indian Army. In addition Pakistan has been forced to spend so much on defence and had at least three wars. All this because cnut Liaqat did not have balls to do what Sardar Patel did in India with referance to Hyderabad. As my dad says all Liaqat could do was after having ran from India, show his fists. Sardar Patel did not show fists but instead fcukin used the fist on Hyderabad. Today it is forgotten story. This is exactly what Liaqat should have done. And every Pakistani owes gratitude to men from FATA who today are subjected to so much scorn. It was the tribals who went into Kashmir.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24159594

A couple of things, yes the leadership, aside Jinnah(ra) were at fault here, and the irony here is that Patel actually offered Kashmir for Hyderabad, and bizarrely it was rejected as the leadership thought Pakistan could gain both. Pakistan then lost both. As for Liaqat saib he did a lot of good work as well, but yes the mistakes made then now haunt the state.
As for the Kashmir it was the AKRF who cleared Azad Kashmir, the tribal folk joined the fight into what is now Indian administered Kashmir, but you're right they were/are legends.

 

[padamchen]

Waz, let's be brutally honest. Jinnah and Liaqat failed miserably. I especially blame Liaqat because Jinnah was at this point on the way to expiring as TB took hold. But Liaqat has no excuse. In my opinion he deserved that bullet he got in Rawalpindi. Thanks to Liaqat generations of Kashmiri's are suffering and being killed, raped by Indian Army. In addition Pakistan has been forced to spend so much on defence and had at least three wars. All this because cnut Liaqat did not have balls to do what Sardar Patel did in India with referance to Hyderabad. As my dad says all Liaqat could do was after having ran from India, show his fists. Sardar Patel did not show fists but instead fcukin used the fist on Hyderabad. Today it is forgotten story. This is exactly what Liaqat should have done. And every Pakistani owes gratitude to men from FATA who today are subjected to so much scorn. It was the tribals who went into Kashmir.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24159594

Bottom.line is that as far as Kashmir is concerned, we were both too late.

We got and kept more. But in terms of land mass and populace disparity ratio overall, we got less.

The Indian deep state is never going to be satisfied with the current status quo.

Which is why a Musharraf type of formula will always be scuttled.

For a change it's nonot you guys.

It's us ....

And yes, it is unfinished business. For ,both of us.

Cheers, Doc

 

[waz]

Pakistan was scared of backclash from much bigger enemy, that's why they sent tribals and soldiers in shalwar kamez to IoK in 1948. Pakistan did same in 1965 and 1999. India tried to invade in 1965 anyway.

Nope the enemy also had plenty to do, they wouldn't have been able to turnaround a conventional assault. They did so due to the lack of heavy arms and training behind the forces that went into Kashmir. If you look at details of the battles fought, India was just about to able stabilise the lines. It was a crucial error not to send the full army in, like India.

 

[AyanRay]

He signed it AFTER operation POLO...... You invaded his state first and therefore the 'instrument of accession' is BS. As for crying, I'm raising a point. You should stop crapping yourself whenever the issue is raised.

Exactly, even Maharaja Hari Singh signed the document after his state was attacked by the Pakistanis (the Pathans and Afridis were not Kashmiris). Let's be honest, both attacked different princely states, we were successful, for you guys it backfired.

 

[SabzShaheen]

You couldnt govern Bangladesh. How could you have governed Hyderabad?

Good India stopped the madness of further fragmentation of the sub continent.

Ah, good ol' India stopping "madness" by illegally invading another territory through violent means.
That's beside the point, genius. If India invaded Hyderabad under the pretext of a majority Hindu population then they have no valid standing in their illegal occupation of Kashmir (majority Muslims).