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I think you are not being fair in your assessment that caste system doesn't influence education infrastructure in India.
It doesn't. And what do you mean by education infrastructure, the fully government run, aided or private schools/colleges?
I think you're kinda out of the loop about the matter. Casteist practices is banned by the law, if anyone is booked under the SC/ST prevention act under concrete evidence the punishment is pretty severe.
Currently the caste system in India is no more than a social indicator that comes in clutch during marriages (inter caste marriages is fairly common nowadays though, in my own family it has happened) as traditional arranged marriages lose steam love marriages are getting popular. And the traditional marrying in your own caste and religion is not followed.
I'm not saying that differentiation doesn't exist anywhere but that's it's something anyone cares about in their everyday life. SC/STs are protected by the law and enjoy benefits under the constitution for the wrong they suffered in the past.
Current India is more of a socio-economic based one, your economic mobility is the most important factor as only an educated guy knows his laws and rights under the constitution.
The cases you might have read are from poor village regions where the social and economical mobility is very low.