"dat", religion, is of Persian origin, and "davenen", to pray, is of Turkish origin.
But let's get down to a fundamental question
"galut"
Why the rabbis accepted the Christian legend of the Exile
Well, for a lot of reasons, to begin with, we must take into account that the Christian literature on the Destruction of the Second Temple is based on tradition: the Destruction of the First Temple. I mean by this that there is a lot of reasons. But to make the main story:
Rabbinic Judaism and Orthodox Christianity were in Roman times like Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola, and the Christian legend of Exile served as demarcation criteria.
Let's remember the Christian legend. The Christian legend says: "those of Jerusalem condemned him" (the text refers to a crucified prophet) and HaShem got so angry with them that he destroyed their Temple and packed up and left Jerusalem for Rome and scattered them all over the whole empire.
Now imagine a follower of the "new way" (Christian) arguing with his neighbor a follower of the 'right way' (Rabbinical):
-you are of "those of Jerusalem"
-yes, I am of "those of Jerusalem"
The traditionalist rabbis and the church of Rome were happy, because they had found the key to divide the sheep and keep the two flocks separate, something that cost centuries of effort.