"school"?? I think you're the one that needs to go back and study.
middle income trap isn't just economy stagnation. what japan experienced is not middle income trap, they never fell into the middle income trap as you so accuses them of
Japan had basically smooth sailing from ww2 all the way to developed status, at no time did they fall into the middle income trap and thus they never had to escape it.
Their growth was very high, then high, then a clear stagnation starting the 1990s. at no point did they stagnate when their per capita gdp was low.
View attachment 753132
by the time their economy stagnated in 1990-ish, Japan's gdp per capita was ~25k usd. that's even higher than the US per capita gdp of ~23k at the time.
Japan simply couldn't have surpassed the usa for the simple reason that they would have to be more than twice as productive per person as the average american, and the us was already at the forefront of productivity. it would take a new industrial revolution for that to happen.
China meanwhile can be less than half as productive as the average american and still have a larger total economy and consumer market. that's the fundamental difference right there.
Same story for south korea, their GDP growth, except for a couple crisis's, was steady and quite high until they were already a rich nation. at no point did south korea fall into and therefore had to escape the middle income trap.
View attachment 753130
You want to know who did fall into the middle income trap and have failed to escape it so far?
View attachment 753131
Notice the multiple dips into the negative, and low average growth for years even while their per capita GDP is only like 8000ish even today.
now on china. china's GDP already puts it a stone's throw from high income nation status. Also china is not a nanny state, the state have not and does not provide all costs for the elderly, Elderly care costs will increase but will not be a unbearable costs on the state and so long as the elderly cost isn't unbearable then china is fine, it'll still have the second largest labor force well into 2100s.and thing bold very well for china's service future beyond simply manufacturing, it already has some of the most advanced and digital systems, for instance mobile payments, and highly developed online shopping systems, cash is less and less seen these days in china. the likes of huawei, which the us is so scared of, shows that china can indeed lead in new technologies