https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_script https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic
Yeah that's true, here's a list of languages that are still being written in Arabic script or used to be written in Arabic script. Uyghur in China are still using Arabic script. I was looking in the Congress library and I found some maps which were painted during Ottoman empire and has a lot of details in Ottomani language , wondering will Turkish people still understand and read that map?
Lol. That's Kashmiri. And Urdu is one of recognised languages of India. India has only 2 official languages. English and Hindi
Urdu is the only official language of Indian occupied Kashmir, not Kashmiri. Check Wiki before posting reply.
They used the Ottoman alphabet (Lisan-ı Osmani) to write down the American names. Kinda funny but, yeah, I can read and identify some descriptions and toponyms on this map. It's easier if you know how to read Arabic. Another old Ottoman map of North and South America.
Up bihar and telangana Atleast know about history of urdu, u borrowed it from us after all @ Congrats ! I always respect arabs for conquering such large people and culturally enslaving them all
Chutiyape ki baate karte rehna . Kashmir has nothing to do with Urdu . Neither has Pakistan which has so deep inferiority complex it took a north west Indian Language as their national language lol . No wonder Bangladeshis cut them off . Urdu is one of the 27 recognized languages in India .
An Indian troll detected. One of the most important and influential civilizations in history like the Arab/Islamic one and its enormous sphere of influence could not solely have been accomplished through violence and conquest otherwise we would have seen a similar influence of Mongolian civilization and countless of others. Other elements (key ones) played an role but I am not sure that you are educated enough to figure those elements out. If not you have or at least should have the opportunity to educate yourself in regards to the topic at hand. To begin with violence and Arabs is a myth. You cannot mention any single genocide committed by Arabs during those ages or before the Islamic era. The only thing that you can mention is Saddam Hussein (who did not act in the name of Arabs and the topic is complicated) and Darfur which is another complicated topic and where those fighting are actually non-Arabs on both sides of the conflict largely. Very cool. Speaking about alphabets as a whole the first alphabets in the world were also Semitic ones and created by Semitic peoples. Actually the father of all alphabets is Proto-Sinaitic Script from Sinai! "Proto-Sinaitic is a term for both a Middle Bronze Age (Middle Kingdom) script attested in a small corpus of inscriptions found at Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, and the reconstructed common ancestor of the Phoenician and South Arabian scripts, and by extension of most historical and modern alphabets. It is also referred to as Sinaitic, Proto-Canaanite, Old Canaanite, and Canaanite.[1]" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script Basically the native Bedouins of Sinai created the first alphabet (excluding hieroglyphs which were/are only partially containing alphabetic elements) in the world. People of Sinai and Hijaz are more or less identical as also DNA tests, tribal ties, history (Islamic and pre-Islamic) confirms as well simple geography (direct neighbors). Very cool. @EgyptianAmerican
The first Qurans were written in Kufic (Iraqi) script. Arabic is invented by Iraqis. Kufic Kufic script, 8th or 9th century (Surah 48: 27–28) Qur'an. Kufic is the oldest calligraphic form of the various Arabic scripts and consists of a modified form of the old Nabataean script. Kufic developed around the end of the 7th century in Kufa, Iraq, from which it takes its name, and other centres.[1] Usage Kufic script used in a copy of the Qur'an Kufic was prevalent in manuscripts from the 7th to 10th centuries.[2] Until about the 11th century it was the main script used to copy the Qur'an.[1] Professional copyists employed a particular form of kufic for reproducing the earliest surviving copies of the Qur'an, which were written on parchment and date from the 8th to 10th centuries.[3] Ornamental useEdit Kufic is commonly seen on Seljuk coins and monuments and on early Ottoman coins. Its decorative character led to its use as a decorative element in several public and domestic buildings constructed prior to the Republican period in Turkey. The current flag of Iraq (2008) includes a kufic rendition of the takbir. Similarly, the flag of Iran(1980) has the takbir written in white square kufic script a total of 22 times on the fringe of both the green and red bands. Square or geometric Kufic is a very simplified rectangular style of Kufic widely used for tiling. In Iran sometimes entire buildings are covered with tiles spelling sacred names like those of God, Muhammad and Ali in square Kufic, a technique known as banna'i.[4] "Pseudo-Kufic", also "Kufesque",[citation needed]refers to imitations of the Kufic script, made in a non-Arabic context, during the Middle Ages or the Renaissance: "Imitations of Arabic in European art are often described as pseudo-Kufic, borrowing the term for an Arabic script that emphasizes straight and angular strokes, and is most commonly used in Islamic architectural decoration".[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaʿlīq_script ® Persian script is Naskh aka Nastaliq and pre Islamic Persian script was different. Nastaʿlīq (Persian: نستعلیق, from نسخ Naskh and تعلیق Taʿlīq; also anglicized as Nastaleeq) is one of the main calligraphic hands used in writing the Persian script, and traditionally the predominant style in Persian calligraphy.[1]It was developed in Iran in the 14th and 15th centuries.[2] It is sometimes used to write Arabic-language text (where it is known as Taʿliq[citation needed] or Persian and is mainly used for titles and headings), but its use has always been more popular in the Persian, Turkic and Urdu sphere of influence. Nastaʿlīq has extensively been (and still is) practiced in Iran, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan and other countries for written poetry and as a form of art. A less elaborate version of Nastaʿlīq serves as the preferred style for writing the Kashmiri, Punjabi and Urdu, and it is often used alongside Naskh for Pashto. In Persian it is used for poetry only. Nastaʿlīq was historically used for writing Ottoman Turkish, where it was known as tâlik[3] (not to be confused with a totally different Persian style, also called taʿliq; to distinguish the two, Ottomans referred to the latter as ta'līq-i qadim = old ta'liq). Nastaʿlīq is the core script of the post-Sassanid Persian writing tradition, and is equally important in the areas under its cultural influence. The languages of Iran ( Persian, Azeri, Balochi, Kurdi, Luri, etc.), Afghanistan (Dari, Pashto, Uzbek, Turkmen, etc.), Pakistan (Punjabi, Urdu, Kashmiri, Saraiki, etc.), and the Turkic Uyghur language of the Chinese province of Xinjiang, rely on Nastaʿlīq. Under the name taʿliq (lit. “suspending [script]”), it was also beloved by Ottoman calligraphers who developed the Diwani (divanî) and Ruqah (rık’a) styles from it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaʿlīq_script
Nonsense. Kufic was invented by Arabs from Hijaz who settled almost all of Iraq. Who FOUNDED the city of Kufa and made it an capital. You know people like Ali ibn Abi Talib (ra) and his family and companions and ordinary people. The same ones that are worshipped by their ancestors in Southern Iraq today and the same ones who founded Karbala and Najaf and almost every Southern Iraqi city that still exists to this day. Besides the Arabic alphabet predates Kufic as you can see below let alone Southern Arabian alphabet (2800 years old) or Proto-Arabic. As an anti-Arab Iranian you should not even be commenting on Arab topics as the only thing you do is troll. Grow up or find other threads to troll in. Also while you are at it Google Nabateans - the ancestors of many modern-day Hijazis, other Saudi Arabians, Jordanians, Syrians and Israeli Arabs. If not the above picture should suffice. The Nabataeans, also Nabateans (/ˌnæbəˈtiːənz/; Arabic: الأنباط al-ʾAnbāṭ , compare to Ancient Greek: Ναβαταίος, Latin: Nabatæus), were an Arab[1] people who inhabited northern Arabia and the Southern Levant, and whose settlements, most prominently the assumed capital city of Raqmu, now called Petra,[1] in CE 37 – c. 100, gave the name of Nabatene to the borderland between Arabia and Syria, from the Euphrates to the Red Sea. Their loosely controlled trading network, which centered on strings of oases that they controlled, where agriculture was intensively practiced in limited areas, and on the routes that linked them, had no securely defined boundaries in the surrounding desert. Trajan conquered the Nabataean kingdom, annexing it to the Roman Empire, where their individual culture, easily identified by their characteristic finely potted painted ceramics, was adopted into the larger Greco-Roman culture. They were later converted to Christianity. Jane Taylor, a writer, describes them as "one of the most gifted peoples of the ancient world".[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataeans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom The Nabataean alphabet is a consonantal alphabet (abjad) that was used by the Nabataeans in the 2nd century BC.[2][3]Important inscriptions are found in Petra, Jordan. The alphabet is descended from the Syriac alphabet, which was itself descended from the Aramaic alphabet. In turn, a cursive form of Nabataean developed into the Arabic alphabet from the 4th century,[3] which is why Nabataean's letterforms are intermediate between the more northerly Semitic scripts (such as the Aramaic-derived Hebrew) and those of Arabic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet Thanks. He is at it again @EgyptianAmerican
