The Times of Ayub Khan!

[Norwegian]

When we talk about the times of Ayub Khan today, we generally talk about the ‘Decade of Development’. The decade which saw growth at ~ 5.82%.

This was the decade during which Pakistan’s manufacturing base became sizeable. It was this decade when Pakistan established an automobile industry, a cement industry and some other heavy manufacturing industries.

It was this decade when manufacturing growth, standing at 8.51%, outpaced any other time in the history of Pakistan.

If you understand the mechanics of manufacturing growth you will know that the more industry you establish (especially manufacturing) the more jobs you create, in turn making the common man’s life better.

Ayub Khan – the Dictator

Ayub Khan was involved in politics when he was inducted into Muhammad Ali Bogra’s Federal Cabinet in 1954, and given the portfolio of Defense.

In 1958 however, the then President, Iskander Mirza, enforced Martial Law for the first time and Ayub Khan was designated as the Chief Martial Law Administrator.

It wasn’t a bloody coup, in fact it was welcomed by the common man who was till then frustrated at the unstable political situation that was persistent in the country since 1947.

Ayub Khan – the Progressive Leader

After the takeover, Ayub began taking measures to eradicate corruption and several social problems that dogged the society. These measures increased his popularity among the people of Pakistan.

As mentioned earlier, Ayub’s time is known for its industrialization. During this time the private sector was encouraged and supported to start SME’s in Pakistan.

His other endeavors included efforts to raise the education standards by introducing educational reforms. He also tried to bring in land reforms but the idea failed due to issues with implementation. Certain Labor, law and administrative reforms were also brought about in this time.

And last but not the least, Islamabad was planned as the new capital of Pakistan and this high status was shifted from Karachi to Islamabad in 1962.

It is said that the Ayub’s martial law was not severe. The army’s role was limited and by 1959 most army units were back to their regular duties. Ayub Khan, most of the time left administration for the civil bureaucracy, with a few exceptions.

But not everything was so rosy…

Ayub Khan’s era is also known for its increase in income inequality and creating an oligopolistic structure of the economy which exists to this date in some form.

One of the biggest mistakes that Ayub Khan made was to fan the already seething anger among the Bengalis of West Pakistan by treating them like a step child.

A prime example of this was when East Pakistan was made to pay tariffs on sending products to West Pakistan, but the same was not the case when things moved from the West to the East.

Double standards and inequality issues such as these culminated in the partition of the country soon after Ayub’s resignation.

Then came the downfall

Things were fine till the war of 1965. The war triggered an economic slowdown and although Pakistan emerged victorious in the battlefield, Ayub Khan was criticized for failing on the negotiation table when signing the Tashkent Declaration.

Towards the end of 1968, the public sentiment was at the peak of its hatred towards Ayub Khan. A movement was launched against him by students, teachers, lawyers, doctors and engineers. The movement also had the Joint Labor Council calling for labor strikes.

The whole country was swept by demonstrations leading to a breakdown of law and order.

Finally, Ayub had to resign and on March 25, 1969, he handed over his powers to the then Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army, General Muhammad Yahya Khan….. Surprise! Another dictator.
The Times of Ayub Khan | Pakistan Insider

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[SarthakGanguly]

Things were fine till the war of 1965. The war triggered an economic slowdown and although Pakistan emerged victorious in the battlefield, Ayub Khan was criticized for failing on the negotiation table when signing the Tashkent Declaration.

Ayub Khan did great on the negotiating table. As for the outcome of the war, I will pass.

 

[KingMamba]

Ayub Khan did great on the negotiating table. As for the outcome of the war, I will pass.

His biggest mistake was not striking in 1962 when the Chinese held the door open. Had he done so you would perhaps still be a Nepali national today instead of calling yourself kashmiri.

 

[Norwegian]

His biggest mistake was not striking in 1962 when the Chinese held the door open. Had he done so you would perhaps still be a Nepali national today instead of calling yourself kashmiri.

India could have handled two-front war, but they might have lost Punjab, or a large chunk of Kashmir. Still they would have won that again in 1971!

 

[itachiii]

His biggest mistake was not striking in 1962 when the Chinese held the door open. Had he done so you would perhaps still be a Nepali national today instead of calling yourself kashmiri.

The biggest mistake of ayub khan was not supporting india in 1962 and attacking india in 1965 . though it sounds radical , that would have been dubbed as the most strategic move made by pakistan ever. It would have lead to friendly relations b/w both the countries, bamgladesh would still be pakistan , there would have been a solultion for kashmir predicament , there would have been more trade b/w the two countries , both the countries would be spending less amount on military and more on the development of the state , we would be more industrialised , pakistan would not be facing the taliban problem , the economy of sub-continent would be much better , the entire history and future of sub-continent would be more promising than what it is today..

 

[Judge]

Ayub Khan did great on the negotiating table. As for the outcome of the war, I will pass.

It was not Ayub that did particularly great. Its the extreme example of "Ashoka syndrome" that our Politicians suffer from. Seeking to be great. Always hesitant in giving the last blow.

I hope this Syndrome has started dying out - and we become ruthless.

 

[Norwegian]

The biggest mistake of ayub khan was not supporting india in 1962 and attacking india in 1965 . though it sounds radical , that would have been dubbed as the most strategic move made by pakistan ever. It would have lead to friendly relations b/w both the countries, bamgladesh would still be pakistan , there would have been a solultion for kashmir predicament , there would have been more trade b/w the two countries , both the countries would be spending less amount on military and more on the development of the state , we would be more industrialised , pakistan would not be facing the taliban problem , the economy of sub-continent would be much better , the entire history and future of sub-continent would be more promising than what it is today..

Its ironic, but the truth is, it WASN'T Ayub that attacked Pakistan, it was in fact that Idiot called Bhutto in his cabinet who pushed him to invade India and hence destroyed Pakistan's flourishing economic boom!

 

[Sulman Badshah]

Ayub khan was best progressive leader till date ... Industry and agri sector progress well in its time

 

[SarthakGanguly]

His biggest mistake was not striking in 1962 when the Chinese held the door open. Had he done so you would perhaps still be a Nepali national today instead of calling yourself kashmiri.

No, actually Punjab was an impossibility. On both sides - but especially on the Indian side. We had the dams and when the 1st Armoured Division crashed across Khem Karan and was approaching Asal Uttar, we just released thousands of gallons of the water. In such rasputitsa, you can't expect a rapid progress. We got about 97 tanks in working condition from Pakistan in that battle.

In 1962, Pakistan was also pretty much underprepared. India would have lost much of the North East though.

 

[Dr. Strangelove]

his time were great mostly but our people like lies and false promises some idiots at the time used socialism as a weapon against him and succeeded because our dictators are too democratic
i have a problem with what he did with fatimah jinnah
if she had won the presidential election of 1965 east pakistan would have still existed
some people call him liberal to disgrace his legacy but they dont know the difference between progressive and liberal
ps
his biggest fcuk up was handing over power to yahya the incompetent devil

 

[Norwegian]

No, actually Punjab was an impossibility. On both sides - but especially on the Indian side. We had the dams and when the 1st Armoured Division crashed across Khem Karan and was approaching Asal Uttar, we just released thousands of gallons of the water. In such rasputitsa, you can't expect a rapid progress. We got about 97 tanks in working condition from Pakistan in that battle.

In 1962, Pakistan was also pretty much underprepared. India would have lost much of the North East though.

Ayub really never wanted any war with India. We had great relations with US, flourishing industry and economy, why would a leader do all that only to destroy everything he built on war?

 

[Dr. Strangelove]

 

[OrionHunter]

Things were fine till the war of 1965. The war triggered an economic slowdown and although Pakistan emerged victorious in the battlefield, Ayub Khan was criticized for failing on the negotiation table when signing the Tashkent Declaration.
The Times of Ayub Khan | Pakistan Insider

Pakistan emerged victorious in the battlefield? Really? If Pakistan was victorious, then Kashmir would have been part of Pakistan. Unfortunately, both Operation Gibraltar and Operation Grand Slam launched in 1965 for capturing Kashmir were spectacular failures.

Just to put the record straight.

 

[SarthakGanguly]

Ayub really never wanted any war with India. We had great relations with US, flourishing industry and economy, why would a leader do all that only to destroy everything he built on war?

Yes, I agree with that. Ayub was not really intent on going to war against India, especially in the beginning. But the brand new Pattons and the shining new planes must have have tempted the General in him. Who does not like conquest on the field? But the motives were not exactly religious. He was one the last ex Indian officers in the Pakistan Army, so that is not surprising. Many officers on both sides had contact with each other on a personal level. In Dehra Dun the soldiers of the Indian Army(it was officially called so before 47 as well) are still honored*. Even though they later served Pakistan.

*By that I mean - the pictures and the yearly pass out photos are kept intact. It was funny to see Inspector of Officer Cadets, Indian Military Academy, Tikka Khan!!!

 

[itachiii]

Its ironic, but the truth is, it WASN'T Ayub that attacked Pakistan, it was in fact that Idiot called Bhutto in his cabinet who pushed him to invade India and hence destroyed Pakistan's flourishing economic boom!

idk who pushed ayub to attack india , but i would say supporting india in 1962 , would have been a master stroke by pakistan and we would be out of most of the sub-continents problems , even afghanistan would have been a stable country by now.

 

[Norwegian]

idk who pushed ayub to attack india , but i would say supporting india in 1962 , would have been a master stroke by pakistan and we would be out of most of the sub-continents problems , even afghanistan would have been a stable country by now.

Hindsight regrets...

Many officers on both sides had contact with each other on a personal level. In Dehra Dun the soldiers of the Indian Army(it was officially called so before 47 as well) are still honored*. Even though they later served Pakistan.

*By that I mean - the pictures and the yearly pass out photos are kept intact. It was funny to see Inspector of Officer Cadets, Indian Military Academy, Tikka Khan!!!

Yeah, I can only imagine what kind of war that was in 1965! Former armies fighting together to see WHO is a better fighter? HAHAHAHA!

Pakistan emerged victorious in the battlefield? Really? If Pakistan was victorious, then Kashmir would have been part of Pakistan. Unfortunately, both Operation Gibraltar and Operation Grand Slam launched in 1965 for capturing Kashmir were spectacular failures.

Just to put the record straight.

Both nations captured each others territory on the battlefield, so in real terms it was a stalemate and inconclusive war. Neither side won or lost!